a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because

Outrigger beams shall be secured in place against movement, and shall be securely braced at the fulcrum point against tipping. 6. Personal Fall Arrest System. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. On scaffolds whose length is less than their height, such bracing shall be installed from the base of the end posts upward to the opposite end posts, and then in alternating directions until reaching the top of the scaffold. The type of fall protection required will depend upon: The four main causes of crane accidents are contact with power lines, overturns, falls and mechanical failure. . 9. Each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be protected from damage due to contact with edges, corners, protrusions, or other discontinuities of the supporting structure or scaffold components. Review the foundation. All brace connections must be secured. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal. The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is: A. Suspension ropes and cables shall be connected to the overhead supporting members by shackles, clips, thimbles, or other means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength, durability). D. Stop using the tool, A. A thorough understanding of all aspects of Scaffold platforms must be fully decked or planked. Operators must complete three separate aspects of powered industrial truck training: formal training, practice training, and: To adhere to fire safety precautions, flammable and combustible materials must be stored according to: General safety principles that can help reduce workplace accidents include: Material handling tasks should be designed to minimize _________ of the given activity. Nothing should lean in any direction. Scaffolds shall be stabilized to prevent tipping during movement. Platforms shall not extend outward beyond the base supports of the scaffold unless outrigger frames or equivalent devices are used to ensure stability. Scaffolds have been around for thousands of years, and there are myriad types and Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. What the definition of a Suspension scaffolds, one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non rigid means from an overhead structure. When an employee is using stilts on a large area scaffold where a guardrail system is used to provide fall protection, the guardrail system shall be increased in height by an amount equal to the height of the stilts being used by the employee. To secure fair compensation for workers who have been injured in accidents To prevent their displacement, platform units shall be nailed, bolted, or otherwise secured to outriggers. b. Coefficients are used to balance the atoms on both sides. Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level . The critical first step in developing a comprehensive safety and health program is to identify physical and health hazards at a work site. Damaged or deteriorated equipment must not be used USA (v. 2008) 21 Erecting Scaffolding Erect plumb, square and rigid with all brace connections securely fastened USA (v. 2008) 22 Tubular Welded-frame Scaffolds Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as erection progresses For mobile scaffolds, use a horizontal diagonal brace, for Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. Platforms supported by wire ropes shall have hook-shaped stops on each end of the platforms to prevent them from slipping off the wire ropes. When poles are made of wood, the pole lumber shall be straight-grained, free of shakes, large loose or dead knots, and other defects which might impair strength. Scaffolds constructed of tube and coupler components shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section; Scaffolds constructed of fabricated frame components shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section. The support connection shall be arranged so as to prevent the needle beam from rolling or becoming displaced. D. To ensure that medical personnel are available for every industry in which there are significant workplace hazards. D. Static electricity gathers outside the circuit. Catenary Scoffold. Two other errors mentioned in this module that often lead to trouble are: Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections. least three examples of incorporating each of the elements. Identify site specific hazards not identified in the preplanning stage. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. Remote detonators to implode a structure Scaffold components. Do not erect, dismantle or alter a scaffold unless under the supervision of a competent person. Employees working in the vicinity of a crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident? OSHA 10-Hour Construction Course: Module 5 Scaffolds Page 1 of 22 Such scaffolds are covered by paragraph (q) of this section. Protect themselves by wearing the proper PPE Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Ladders used to support step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Knowing Click here to review the details. job, and he shouldhis life depends on it. Do not abuse or misuse the scaffold equipment. Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. Scaffold support beams shall be installed on edge. OSHA 1926.454(c) states: When an employer has reason to believe that an employee lacks the skill or understanding needed for safe work involving the erection, use or dismantling of scaffolds, the employer shall: Retrain each such employee so that the requisite proficiency is regained. Your lines should be perfectly vertical (plumb) and horizontal (level), and your corners should be exactly 90 degrees (square). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Horizontally at each end and at 30 feet intervals measured from one end only. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: Answer: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold OSHA requires that all excavations in which employees could potentially be exposed to cave-ins be protected by one or more of the following three methods: The formula for all simple slope excavations 20 feet (6.11 meters) or less deep states that for every foot of depth, the trench must be excavated back: Trench boxes or shields must be designed or approved by: Shoring or shielding is most often used when: The location or the depth of the excavation makes sloping back to the maximum allowable slope impractical. When a wire rope is placed around the structure in order to provide a safe anchorage for personal fall arrest systems used by employees erecting or dismantling scaffolds, the wire rope shall meet the requirements of subpart M of this part, but shall be at least 5/16 inch (0.8 cm) in diameter. 2. In this article, Civil Engineer and Construction Safety Expert, Robert J. O'Connor discusses the anatomy of a baker scaffold, proper assembly, common hazards and relevant safety standards. The following examp le is based on building a scaffold that is 2.1 x 1.5 m (7 x 5 ft.) x 1 frame high. Prior to starting all demolition operations, OSHA 1926.850 (a) requires that an engineering survey of the structure be conducted by a competent person. Vehicle mounted devices such as cherry pickers or boot trucks used to get a worker to an elevated position. a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because [, A space of at least 3 inches between handrails, or stair rails used as handrails, and other objects. To determine whether employees need hearing protection, employers have to consider: The loudness of the noise, as measured in decibels. A scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. 4. Runners shall be installed along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and outside posts at level heights (when tube and coupler guardrails and midrails are used on outside posts, they may be used in lieu of outside runners). When wood poles are constructed of two continuous lengths, they shall be joined together with the seam parallel to the bracket. Add several tablespoons of table salt to one cup and stir. Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor Each has Scaffolds shall be used only for the purpose of working at the window opening through which the jack is placed. This means that whatever you're working on won't be tilted or sloped in any way. All planking must be Scaffold Grades, or equivalent, as recognized by approved grading rules for the species of wood used. Passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height, are abutting, and walk-through stirrups specifically designed for this purpose are used. C. Any square or rectangular trench with a width that does not exceed 15 feet (Hold the cups up to your cheeks to tell.) "Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement." 1926.451 (c) (2) (i) Window jacks shall not be used to support planks placed between one window jack and another, or for other elements of scaffolding. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. When horses are arranged in tiers, each tier shall be crossbraced. All brace connections shall be secured. common. Wooden bracket-form scaffolds shall be an integral part of the form panel. Runners shall be erected along the length of . Each pump jack bracket shall have two positive gripping mechanisms to prevent any failure or slippage. All diagonal . Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. The ladder jack shall be so designed and constructed that it will bear on the side rails and ladder rungs or on the ladder rungs alone. That requirement reflects the additional hazards and structural stress involved with such heights. Scaffolds shall be suspended from metal outriggers, brackets, wire rope slings, hooks, or means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength, durability). Supports for platforms shall be attached directly to the support stirrup and not to any other platform. . The circuit becomes part of the conductor The use of safe lifting postures and timing Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. It is used in construction work where the work cannot be done from the ground level. "Multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, stonesetters' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds.". Bracing shall be installed as close as possible to the intersection of the bearer and post or runner and post. Scaffolds shall be equipped with additional independent support lines, equal in number to the number of points supported, and of equivalent strength to the suspension ropes, and rigged to support the scaffold in the event the suspension rope(s) fail. The knowledgeable user knows how to select the right scaffold for the The bottom runners and bearers shall be located as close to the base as possible. True or False: There is usually some form of warning before a cave-in. Manual force used to move the scaffold shall be applied as close to the base as practicable, but not more than 5 feet (1.5 m) above the supporting surface. Personal Fall Arrest System. According to OSHA standard 1926.451 (g) (1), anyone working on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. . If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: A. General. ERECTED SCAFFOLDS SHOULD BE CONTINUALLY INSPECTED by users to be sure that they are maintained in safe condition. [3] Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place. Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. Scaffolds must be constructed of suitable structural materials. Ladders used to support ladder jacks shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. Landings for the stair access are assembled within the 1.27m square bays at each end of the stair stringer bays using cuplock 1.27m . A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade "Plasterers', decorators', and large area scaffolds." Scaffolding Injuries Approximately 2.3 million construction workers work on scaffolds regularly. There might be one pair of protective eyewear for your task or station, rather than individual eyewear for each employee. Most fatalities, however, happen when workers fall from: Employers must ensure that all walking and working surfaces have the structural integrity to: Controlled access zones serve a dual purpose they allow specially trained individuals (such as masons) to operate without traditional fall protection within a certain area, and: A system used to arrest a worker in a fall from a working level that consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these is called a: When no other alternative fall protection has been implemented, the employer shall implement a safety monitoring system. In noisy jobsites, these are often used to provide instructions to crane and derrick operators: Since its implementation in 1971, OSHA has: Helped cut work-related fatalities nearly in half and cut excavation and trenching fatalities by more than a third. All ladders used in conjunction with step, platform and trestle ladder scaffolds shall meet the pertinent requirements of subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders, except that job-made ladders shall not be used to support such scaffolds. scaffold, and the suspended scaffold. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. In the United States and Canada, most scaffolds found at jobsites are made of steel, A. B. Be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. Crossbracing shall be installed between the inner and outer sets of poles on double pole scaffolds. The frames must be plumb and level and spaced to adequately support the loads. If uplift could cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used and the components secured. Scaffolding in this Guide means the individual components, for example tubes, couplers They must obtain information from the scaffold manufacturer, supplier, site management, and consult with the workers who undertake the erecting, altering or dismantling of the scaffolds. Scaffolding means a convenient platform for persons to work at height. D. Rope-ladder scaffolds. Truck-mounted and rough terrain cranes are both forms of a mobile crane, and both use which of the following to increase their stability? True or False: Once a fall protection device has been inspected by a competent person and deemed safe for use by an employee, it is up to the employee to inspect it regularly and ensure that it still meets OSHA requirements. Employers must provide employees with effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area: At the time of their initial assignment. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. 1926.452 - Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. Place suitable sills and make sure there are no holes under the sills. . The two steps for avoiding hazards that are always taken before the need for PPE is considered are: The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade. Overhead supporting members (roof structure, ceiling beams, or other structural members) shall be inspected and checked for strength before the scaffold is erected. An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. We've updated our privacy policy. Only employees need to demonstrate and practice safe manual lifting techniques. 7. Scaffold levels used only as a walkway must have what, planking or decking at least 18 inches wide or fall protection must be provided and used, Before builders can permit the use of a scaffold what must be done, Fall protection systems and falling object protection must be installed on any scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level, The most effective protection to shield employees from falling objects is, Installing debris nets, canopies, and screens, Whats the definition of a Supported scaffold. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Scaffolding by UWM 1. uses. Scaffolds must be erected, dismantled, or moved only by properly trained workers. This scaffold is simply a rope attached to a harness with an assembly like a boatswains chair for the worker to sit in. Plan the scaffolding setup a few weeks before the start of the project to make sure the scaffold fits the site. The site owner may have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site. Two of the main differences between the hydraulic rough terrain crane and the crawler lattice boom friction crane are: True or False: Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards how to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them, and must also prepare a written certification that identifies the employee trained and the date of the training. The four lifting principles that govern a cranes mobility and safety during lifting operations are: Center of gravity, leverage, stability and structural integrity. The body becomes part of the circuit A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet Ropes or hangers shall be used for supports, except that one end of a needle beam scaffold may be supported by a permanent structural member. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced, prior to receiving the new platforms. Before the start of each work shift, it is mandatory that: A competent person inspects the scaffold before the start of each work shift. has financial rewards, with an estimated annual savings of $90 million for American Transverse bracing forming an "X" across the width of the scaffold shall be installed at the scaffold ends and at least at every third set of posts horizontally (measured from only one end) and every fourth runner vertically. We need to follow scaffolding safety procedures. Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0 m) in height above their base plates shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. Secure access to the scaffold. Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. Personal Fall Arrest System. ( 2) Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. All other connections of the scaffold are tight and secure; c. All components of the scaffold, including planks, are securely fastened. Using scaffolds properly can help prevent workplace accidents and injuries. aluminum, or less commonly, wood. Scaffolds are plumb, square, level and situated on base . Braces, bearers, and runners shall not be spliced between poles. The inboard end of outrigger beams, measured from the fulcrum point to the extreme point of anchorage, shall be not less than one and one-half times the outboard end in length. C. Both A and B C. Workplace and engineering controls Bearers must extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside edge of runners. Do Not Try To Drive More Than______Hours In Any One Day. This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. No handhold available. 1. Bracing shall extend diagonally from the inner or outer posts or runners upward to the next outer or inner posts or runners. Forklifts, trucks, similar motor vehicles or add-on motors shall not be used to propel scaffolds unless the scaffold is designed for such propulsion systems. C. Wear goggles or safety spectacles Identify the three essential elements of safe scaffold construction, and give at When erected and used properly, it serves its function well. Cyber Awareness Challenge 2022 Answers And Notes. Building ties shall be installed at the bearer levels between the transverse bracing and shall conform to the requirements of 1926.451(c)(1). proper measures to protect against or prevent accidents and injuries. Select the equipment you need and place it near the work area. Any alteration of the original equipment shall be approved by the manufacturer. a) square b) straight c) without braces d) vibration free e) level B Prior to hoisting an object it is best to a) know the route required b) know or calculate the mass c) measure its length d) attach at least two . Electric shock occurs when: A. And workers must be trained by a qualified person before they use the scaffold. If bridges are not used, passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height and are abutting. Which of the following is an element of a hearing conservation program? Scaffolds must be plumb, level, and squared. Other requirements are listed Scaffolds must be designed by a professional engineer in the following situations: Supported scaffolds exceeding: fifteen metres in height above their base support; or How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select . The platform shall be securely fastened to hangers (stirrups) by U-bolts or by other means which satisfy the requirements of 1926.451(a). The SlideShare family just got bigger. ", "Form scaffolds and carpenters' bracket scaffolds. DO NOT ERECT, DISMANTLE OR ALTER A SCAFFOLD unless under the supervision of a qualified person. Erected scaffolds should be continually inspected by users to be sure that they are maintained in safe condition. Position the first level of bracing as close to the base as possible. Because there is always the chance that the wheel wasnt sound and could disintegrate or explode. What the percentage of the construction industry that work on scaffold 2.3 million or 65 percent Most scaffolds at jobsites are made of what type of material Aluminum, Steel or less commonly wood Pre-Planning & Inspection Introduction Scaffolding is a precise structure. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor. A good time to perform these inspections is at the start of the workday to ensure the area is clear for that day's shift. All brace connections shall be secured. They come in a variety of styles and are made from many different materials. A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover: Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk. C. To send every worker home whole and healthy every day Some simple scaffolds are little more than planks and guardrails over two It provides a safe and stable platform for workers. CapacityScaffolds and scaffold components must support at least 4 times the maximum intended load. Move the personnel platform slowly and cautiously and have a rotation-resistant rope with a safety factor of 10 Wire ropes shall be continuous and without splices between anchors. Folding type metal brackets, when extended for use, shall be either bolted or secured with a locking-type pin. When horses are arranged in tiers, the legs of each horse shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to prevent displacement. The scaffold must be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely fastened. The ladder must extend 1 m (3 ft.) above the landing. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for pole scaffolds under 60 feet in height. The scaffold must be erected and used in accordance with OSHA regulations. Scaffold platforms shall not be bridged one to another. Provide guards on power tools and other equipment with moving parts. Upon completion of the lesson, participants will be able to: Resist penetration by objects and absorb the shock of a blow. Tensioning of each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be by means of a turnbuckle at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter, or by equivalent means. Diagonal braces shall be installed between squares on the rear and front sides of the scaffold, and shall extend from the bottom of each square to the top of the next square. A metal base plate footing makes the scaffold more secure and will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next two regulations. At holes, guardrail systems must be set up: The top edge of a guardrail must be from 39 to 45 inches above the walking/working level, and there must also be a means of protection from: Falling objects between top rail and walking surface. Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. Prior to starting all demolition operations, OSHA 1926.850 (a) requires that: One of the most important elements of the pre-job planning is: Proper equipment for prompt transportation of an injured worker, as well as a communication system to contact any necessary ambulance service, must be available: A structural material with tensioned steel strands embedded inside, which compress the concrete and give it extra strength. fabricated frame scaffold, the mobile scaffold, the tube and coupler scaffold, the system Scaffolding work means the erection, alteration and dismantling of a scaffold. Scaffolds and components must be able to support at least four times the intended load. Platforms shall be secured to the brackets in a manner that will prevent the separation of the platforms from the brackets and the movement of the platforms or the brackets on a completed scaffold. Every element of your orientation must be exact. Neither the operator nor anyone else should ever stand directly in front of the wheel of an abrasive power tool as it accelerates to full operating speed. Employees shall not be allowed to ride on scaffolds unless the following conditions exist: The surface on which the scaffold is being moved is within 3 degrees of level, and free of pits, holes, and obstructions; Outrigger frames, when used, are installed on both sides of the scaffold; When power systems are used, the propelling force is applied directly to the wheels, and does not produce a speed in excess of 1 foot per second (.3 mps); and.
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