It is likely that his education commenced with studies at a Parisian elementary school,[14] followed by his enrolment in the prestigious Jesuit Collge de Clermont, where he completed his studies in a strict academic environment and got a first taste of life on the stage.[15]. On his return to Paris, Molire was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the kings brother. He then asked Fiorillo to teach him the techniques of Commedia dell'arte. It caused the "conversion" of Donneau de Vis, who became fond of his theatre. Favourite Collect. Molire also studied as a provincial lawyer some time around 1642, probably in Orlans, but it is not documented that he ever qualified. It is now widely regarded as Molire's most refined masterpiece, the one with the highest moral content, but it was little appreciated at its time. (Two of the plays were in fact pirated.) Please select which sections you would like to print: Ronald W. Tobin is Research Professor of French at the University of California, Santa Barbara. (2,827 1,600 pixels, file size: 1.52 MB, MIME type: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/, Fine Arts: PICTURES ON EXHIBITION IN NEW YORK. His absolute monarchy was one of the most successful during the Age of Absolution, having the longest rule of any monarch in Europe. The fun at the expense of these pretentious people is still refreshing and must have been even more so for the first spectators who recognized in the prcieuses the major flaw of an essentialist age: affectation, the desire to be what one is not. In 1658 the troupe returned to Paris and played before Louis XIV. Max Size, 2827 x 1600px JPG, Size: 2.5 MB. He held his company together by his technical competence and force of personality. [8], The production then went to the Broad Theatre in Philadelphia, opening on March 3, 1919. Molire's study in his theatre in the Palais-Royal; about 4pm on February 17, 1673. He had extended the frontier of France in the north by annexing part of Flanders and in the east by seizing Lorraine and Franche-Comt. View all 241 artworks Court Mtrage Short Films Added: 21 Dec, 2020 While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Louis XIV est un fervent dfenseur des arts et du thtre. pris des arts et des lettres, le souverain LouisXIV s'est montrprotecteur de Molire dont l'uvre n'tait pas sans dplaire l'glise. In 1666, Le Misanthrope was produced. Although unquestionably a great writer, Molire insisted that his plays were made for the stage, and his early prefaces complain that he had to publish to avoid exploitation. It was on this occasion that he put on The Forced Marriage, The Princess of Elid and Tartuffe. 20th-century scholars have carried on this interest in Molire and his plays and have continued to study a wide array of issues relating to this playwright. View all 241 artworks Court Mtrage Short Films Added: 21 Dec, 2020 His fleet equaled those of England and Holland. His first two known plays date from this time: Ltourdi; ou, les contretemps (The Blunderer; or, The Mishaps), performed at Lyon in 1655, and Le Dpit amoureux (The Amorous Quarrel), performed at Bziers in 1656. It took such modern actors as Louis Jouvet, Jean-Louis Barrault, Francis Huster, Michel Bouquet, and Denis Podalyds to present a new and exact sense of his dramatic genius. Amsterdam, l'entrept du monde au XVIIe sicle. WebThis was the first grand party given in Versailles by Louis XIV, and was also the first time, under the aegis of the king, that Molire and Lully collaborated. However, they made a crucial mistake by performing a tragedy instead of one of their popular comedies. Le lien vers le site collection, Chteau de Versailles, Dist. Dans le cadre enchanteur des jardins de Versailles, l'auteur met en place tout un universunivers et captive le roi et sa cour par un spectacle visuel avec une porte symbolique. He appeared at the Louvre for the first time in 1658, performing The Doctor in Love for the young Louis XIV. He reconciled himself to another painful sacrifice when he recognized William of Orange as William III of England, in violation of his belief in the divine right of the Stuart king James II to Williams throne. Landolt | Published in History Today Volume 16 Issue 11 November 1966 Afterwards he collapsed again with another, larger haemorrhage before being taken home, where he died a few hours later, without receiving the last rites because two priests refused to visit him while a third arrived too late. Molire's friendship with Jean-Baptiste Lully influenced him towards writing his Le Mariage forc and La Princesse d'lide (subtitled as Comdie galante mle de musique et d'entres de ballet), written for royal "divertissements" at the Palace of Versailles. However, during the French Restoration of the 19th century, Molire's comedies became popular with both the French public and the critics. Colinge an old actor, with Molire since the beginning. The king energetically devoted himself to building new residences. The King finally imposed respect for Tartuffe a few years later, after he had gained more power over the clergy. She was the widow of the satirist Paul Scarron and the former governess of the kings illegitimate children. Colinge an old actor, with Molire since the beginning. Molire continued as the official author of court entertainments. At the time he was wrapped up with staging the first Theatre Guild productions. Supporting [ edit] Baron a seventeen year old member of Molire's company. It was a strict academic environment, but with its emphasis on theatre and performing, it was Having turned his back on a career in the law, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin decided to become an actor instead and founded the Illustre-Thtre in 1643. In 1670, he wrote The Bourgeois Gentleman a comedy ballet for which Lully composed the music, including the well-known Marche pour la crmonie des Turcs (March for the ceremony of the Turks). Molire was born (and died) in the heart of Paris. This page was last edited on 21 January 2023, at 11:33. It is claimed to be particularly directed against Colbert, the minister who had condemned his old patron Fouquet. "[30], [Molire] has been accused of not having a consistent, organic style, of using faulty grammar, of mixing his metaphors, and of using unnecessary words for the purpose of filling out his lines. The King was under pressure from thedvotparty, which had a powerful ally in his Spanish mother, Anne of Austria, the most devoutly orthodox Catholic at Court. [4] Whether coincidence or not, within two months all three would start rehearsals for Molire. He knew well how to make use of them. The repulse of a Turkish invasion of his Austrian domains left the emperor free to oppose France in the west. WebLouis XIV the King of France. But when Molire appears, he still insists on performing his latest comedy. WebIn 1658, Louis XIV granted Molires acting company permission to take up residence in the Petit-Bourbon palace after the company had been touring the provinces for thirteen years, for which Molire, in the preface to one of his plays, expressed gratitude. Ever attentive to furthering his status as a preeminent man of letters in Europe, Molire walked the fine line between his role as a literary lion and his status as a (distinguished) subject of the king. [2], The critics liked Molire in spite of its weak drama. WebIn 1658, Louis XIV granted Molires acting company permission to take up residence in the Petit-Bourbon palace after the company had been touring the provinces for thirteen years, for which Molire, in the preface to one of his plays, expressed gratitude. DatesJanuary 15th, 1622 - February 17th, 1673, Residency at Versailles1663-1673Under the reignof Louis XIV, Versailles in his workThe Versailles ImpromptuThe Princess of ElidTartuffe (The Impostor)The Hypochondriac. Download. Racine offered Molire his tragedy Thagne et Charicle (one of the early works he wrote after he had abandoned his theology studies), but Molire would not perform it, though he encouraged Racine to pursue his artistic career. License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects. Musical Fountains Shows and Musical Gardens, Visit our Facebook page (opens in new tab), Visit our twitter page (opens in new tab), Visit our Instagram page (opens in new tab), Visit our Youtube page (opens in new tab), Visit our app-promotion page (opens in new tab), Research centre of the Palace of Versailles, National equestrian Academy of Versailles. With music by Lully, Molire presented L'Amour mdecin (Love Doctor or Medical Love). This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. In his memoir A Terrible Liar, actor Hume Cronyn writes that, in 1962, celebrated actor Laurence Olivier criticized Molire. Omissions? George Dandin, ou Le mari confondu (The Confounded Husband) was little appreciated, but success returned with L'Avare (The Miser), now very well known. He was the protector of writers, notably Molire and Jean Racine, whom he ordered to sing his praises, and he imposed his own visions of beauty and nature on artists. The king allegedly suggested that Molire suspend performances of Tartuffe, and the author rapidly wrote Dom Juan ou le Festin de Pierre to replace it. Nevertheless, he wrote a successful Les Fourberies de Scapin ("Scapin's Deceits"), a farce and a comedy in five acts. Louis, who desired nothing more than peace, hesitated but finally accepted the inheritance. The monarchy became increasingly isolated from the people and thereby assumed a decidedly mythical quality. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Two other comedies of the same year were the successful L'cole des maris (The School for Husbands) and Les Fcheux (The Bores), subtitled Comdie faite pour les divertissements du Roi (a comedy for the King's amusements) because it was performed during a series of parties that Nicolas Fouquet gave in honor of the sovereign. Standard, 1800 x 1019px JPG, Size: 1.34 MB. He appeared at the Louvre for the first time in 1658, performing The Doctor in Love for the young Louis XIV. With Lully he again used music for Monsieur de Pourceaugnac, for Les Amants magnifiques, and finally for Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (The Middle Class Gentleman), another of his masterpieces. It was at this time that he began to use the pseudonym Molire, possibly inspired by a small village of the same name in the Midi near Le Vigan. It was likely that he changed his name to spare his father the shame of having an actor in the family (actors, although no longer vilified by the state under Louis XIV, were still not allowed to be buried in sacred ground). This royal favour brought a royal pension to his troupe and the title Troupe du Roi ("The King's Troupe"). Molire came of age as France was emerging into its Grand Sicle (Great Century). Hartnoll, p. 554. No history of these years is possible, though municipal registers and church records show the company emerging here and there: in Nantes in 1648, in Toulouse in 1649, and so on. The Acadmie preached unity of time, action, and styles of verse. The king's brother became Molire's patron; later Molire and his colleagues were appointed official providers of entertainment to the Sun King himself. [17], Despite his own preference for tragedy, which he had tried to further with the Illustre Thtre, Molire became famous for his farces, which were generally in one act and performed after the tragedy. The sovereign enjoyed the play so much that he subsequently granted the troupe the right to share the great hall of the Petit-Bourbon with the Commedia dellarte. The story opens with the comedys performance before the Court on May 12th, 1664. [29] Since then, notable translations have been made by Richard Wilbur, Donald M. Frame, and many others. Molire's works continued to garner positive feedback in 18th-century England, but they were not so warmly welcomed in France at this time. [10] Flippant though his first night review may read, Broun thought strongly enough about the play to write a two-column article about it a few days later. En la personne de Molire, le Roi SoleilSoleil trouve un esprit qui charmecharme son intellect. He earned a position as one of the king's favourites and enjoyed his protection from the attacks of the court. Quelles taient les relations entre Louis XVI et Marie-Antoinette ? He won this contest almost single-handed. Though living in an age of reason, he had the good sense not to proselytize but rather to animate the absurd, as in such masterpieces as Tartuffe, Lcole des femmes, Le Misanthrope, Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme, and many others. More lay behind these attacks on Le Tartuffe and its author than was immediately obvious. Les prcieuses ridicules won Molire the attention and the criticism of many, but it was not a popular success. Of all the supporting actors Gale consistently drew the most critical appreciation. La Forest a sixty-eight-year-old woman, cook and friend to Molire. [fn 1] WebLouis XIV invites Molire to share his supperan unfounded Romantic anecdote, illustrated in 1863 painting by Jean-Lon Grme In 1666, Le Misanthrope was produced. His absolute monarchy was one of the most successful during the Age of Absolution, having the longest rule of any monarch in Europe. His stage name, Molire, is first found in a document dated June 28, 1644. [21] Lully was a dancer, choreographer, and composer, whose dominant reign at the Paris Opra lasted 15 years. The troupe failed to become established in Paris, so Molire and his fellow actors decided to join Charles Dufresnes travelling company. These ballets were a transitional form of dance performance between the court ballets of Louis XIV and the art of professional theatre which was developing in the advent of the use of the proscenium stage. Ainsi, le Roi Soleil invite la troupe de Jean-Baptiste Poquelin se produire dans la salle du Petit-Bourbon, laquelle devient la maison de Molire. They were in Lyon intermittently from the end of 1652 to the summer of 1655 and again in 1657, at Montpellier in 1654 and 1655, and at Bziers in 1656. Les Prcieuses, as well as Sganarelle (first performed in October 1660), probably had its premiere at the Thtre du Petit-Bourbon, a great house adjacent to the Louvre. Cronyn comments on the incident: "You may imagine how that made me feel. Landolt describes how Molieres comedy, Le Tartuffe, which portrays religious hypocrisy, involved him in troubles with devout persons at Court and with his patron, Louis XIV. Paris called him the Great. In his court he was an object of adoration, and as he approached age 40 he could view himself as far surpassing all other men. The King was enchanted, finding it all highly amusing; but, on the advice of the Archbishop of Paris, Mgr. [9], Molire was born in Paris shortly before his christening as Jean Poquelin on 15 January 1622. Franoise repeats a lie of Giovanni Lulli, that Molire has written a play satirizing Franoise, her husband, and the king. When he refuses out of loyalty to the king and love for his wife, she shows him the latter dallying in the garden beneath the balcony. He is portrayed among other writers in The Blasphemers' Banquet (1989). [7], Despite the adulation of the court and Parisians, Molire's satires attracted criticism from other circles. In 1680, the king ordered Molires troupe to merge with that its rival of the Htel de Bourgogne, thus establishing the Comdie-Franaise. The 2000 film Le Roi Danse (The King Dances), in which Molire is played by Tchky Karyo, shows his collaborations with Jean-Baptiste Lully, as well as his illness and on-stage death. However, they made a crucial mistake by performing a tragedy instead of one of their popular comedies. These people accused Molire of having married his daughter. It centres on two provincial young women who are exposed by valets masquerading as masters in scenes that contrast, on the one hand, the womens desire for elegance coupled with a lack of common sense and, on the other, the valets plain speech seasoned with cultural clichs. [10] Broun was enthusiastic only about Blanche Bates' performance. Molire was called "Le Nez" by his family from that time. In Lyon, Mademoiselle Du Parc, known as Marquise, joined the company. Louis attended to every detail, while at the same time giving dazzling entertainment and carrying on a tumultuous love affair with Louise de La Vallire. Three years later, in 1700, Charles II, the last Habsburg king of Spain, died, bequeathing his kingdoms to Louiss grandson, Philip of Anjou (Philip V). The most noteworthy are L'tourdi ou les Contretemps (The Bungler) and Le Docteur Amoureux (The Doctor in Love); with these two plays, Molire moved away from the heavy influence of the Italian improvisational Commedia dell'arte, and displayed his talent for mockery. The premiere of Molire's Les Prcieuses Ridicules (The Affected Young Ladies) took place at the Petit-Bourbon on 18 November 1659. Jean Lon Grme Catalogue raisonn, 2000, User:Paris 16/Recent uploads/2022 April 4-6, User:Paris 16/Recent uploads/2022 October 23-25, File:Jean-Lon Grme - Louis XIV and Moliere.jpg, Wikidata:WikiProject sum of all paintings/Creator/Jean-Lon Grme, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jean-Lon_Grme_-_Louis_XIV_and_Moliere.jpg&oldid=698918299, Works by Jean-Lon Grme by Ackerman-2 number, Artworks with Wikidata item missing genre, Artworks with Wikidata item missing institution, Artworks digital representation of 2D work, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, height: 42 cm (16.5 in); width: 75 cm (29.5 in), {{Painting| |Title = {{en|Louis XIV and Moliere}} |Artist = Jean-Lon Grme |Year = 1862 |Technique = Oil on panel |Dimensions = (42 x 75 cm) |Gallery = Malden Public Library |Location = Malden, Ma. R.B. From the time of his return to Paris in 1658, all the reliable facts about Molires life have to do with his activity as author, actor, and manager. Marie Cress died on 11 May 1632 (Gaines 2002, p. xi). WebDuring these 12 years he polished his skills as actor, director, administrator, and playwright. All the power of the government was brought to bear in the construction of Versailles. [14], The play's Broadway run closed on May 10, 1919, at the Liberty Theatre. WebLouis XIV the King of France. In 1672, Madeleine Bjart died, and Molire suffered from this loss and from the worsening of his own illness. WebThis was the first grand party given in Versailles by Louis XIV, and was also the first time, under the aegis of the king, that Molire and Lully collaborated. The queen died, and the king secretly married Mme de Maintenon, who imperceptibly gained in political influence. R.B. RMN / Christophe Fouin [9] They summed up the play as being "richer in rhetoric than drama". The following year marked a turning point in the life and reign of Louis XIV. In 1680 the marquise de Montespan, who had replaced Mme de La Vallire as Louiss mistress in 1667, was implicated in the Affair of the Poisons, a scandal in which a number of prominent people were accused of sorcery and murder. Versailles was approximately the price of a modern airport; it was an object of universal admiration and enhanced French prestige. Performing a classic play by Pierre Corneille and a farce of his own, The Doctor in Love, Molire was granted the use of salle du Petit-Bourbon near the Louvre, a spacious room appointed for theatrical performances. Although his father clearly intended him to take over his royal appointment, the young man renounced it in 1643, apparently determined to break with tradition and seek a living on the stage. He never forgave the Dutch and swore to destroy their Protestant mercantile republic. The Sun King was at his zenith. WebLouis XIV was not wrong, as some have claimed, to remove himself from unhealthful and tumultuous Paris, but he erred in breaking with the wandering tradition of his ancestors. License: All public domain files can be freely used for personal and commercial projects. [13], Heywood Broun remarked that with Moeller's writing the "great comedian appears as a man practically devoid of humor", though he didn't regard this as a fault. Chapelle, La Fontaine, and La Forest lament Molire's downfall; his wife left him, the withdrawal of the king's favor means his audiences are now sparse and semi-hostile, and his health has deteriorated. Download. [2] Also unusual was Moeller's reduced involvement with the original production. Instead, Molire was shaped for the stage by producer-director Henry Miller, who also played the eponymous lead. Moliere was the alias of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, born in 1622 to a upholsterer who served the royal household. It describes the story of an atheist who becomes a religious hypocrite and, for this, is punished by God. Its depiction of the hypocrisy of the dominant classes was taken as an outrage and violently contested. For Tartuffe's impiety, the Catholic Church in France denounced this study of religious hypocrisy, which was followed by a ban by the Parlement, while Don Juan was withdrawn and never restaged by Molire. [10] Corbin also thought the play too "literesque" but "intelligently so", and was enthused about the scenery, costumes, Alice Gale, and the lead actors. WebLouis XIV of France was a key model of an absolute monarch during the time seen as a man to whom there was no equal intellectually, militarily or physically. The play has an atypical approach for Moeller, who usually wrote historical satires that some critics said verged on burlesque. Franoise has invited both Molire and Armande to her apartments, unbeknownst to each other. [9] Moeller was able to attend this opening, and received as big a hand after the second act as the leading actors. Download. Landolt describes how Molieres comedy, Le Tartuffe, which portrays religious hypocrisy, involved him in troubles with devout persons at Court and with his patron, Louis XIV. In order to please his patron, Monsieur, who was so enthralled with entertainment and art that he was soon excluded from state affairs, Molire wrote and played Dom Garcie de Navarre ou Le Prince jaloux (The Jealous Prince, 4 February 1661), a heroic comedy derived from a work of Cicognini's. [7], Molire had its first tryout at Ford's Grand Opera House in Baltimore, on February 24, 1919, where it played for a week. Les bons mots des textes de Molire font rire le roi. The king had openly renounced pleasure, but the sacrifice was made easier for him by his new favourite, the very pious Mme de Maintenon. After his imprisonment, he and Madeleine began a theatrical circuit of the provinces with a new theatre troupe; this life was to last about twelve years, during which he initially played in the company of Charles Dufresne, and subsequently created a company of his own, which had sufficient success and obtained the patronage of Philippe I, Duke of Orlans. Louis XIV, Molire Date 1862 date QS:P571,+1862-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 Medium oilon panel medium QS:P186,Q296955;P186,Q106857709,P518,Q861259 It is now widely regarded as Molire's most refined masterpiece, the one with the highest moral content, but it was little appreciated at its time. With the advantage of royal patronage, Molires company began to grow in prestige. This view is also evident in his later works and was a source of inspiration for many later authors, including (in a different field and with different effect) Luigi Pirandello. Between 7 and 13 May 1664, Molire took part in The Pleasures of the Enchanted Island. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. On September 1, 1715, four days before his 77th birthday, Louis XIV died of gangrene at Versailles. Stendhals description of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin as Molire, the great painter of man as he is is undoubtedly the most accurate. Webpris des arts et des lettres, le souverain Louis XIV s'est montr protecteur de Molire dont l'uvre n'tait pas sans dplaire l'glise. Many of his plays contained scandalous material. (She may have been her illegitimate daughter with the Duke of Modena.) Molire is now considered one of the first French authors in the modern sense of a writer who is vigilant about his commercial success as well as the state of his legacy. WebLouis XIV and Molire (1862) Jean-Lon Grme (French, 1824-1904) Facebook Twitter Pinterest. He was a mime with the Washington Square Players, later had his own marionette troupe. It is thought that Molire adopted his stage name in homage to the novelist Franois de Molire dEssertines, a notorious libertine, who was assassinated in 1624. Under French law at the time, actors were not allowed to be buried in the sacred ground of a cemetery. It is testimony to the freshness of his vision that the greatest comic artists working centuries later in other media, such as Charlie Chaplin, have been compared to Molire. WebXIV (16381715) in 1658, it was Molire's comedy, Le Docteur amoureux , 1664 Molire was invited to perform Tartuffe ou l'Imposteur, an attack on religious hypocrisy, for Louis XIV at Versailles, France. After having tried to convert them by force, he revoked the Edict of Nantes, which had guaranteed their freedom of worship, in 1685. These unchronicled years must have been of crucial importance to Molires career, forming as they did a rigorous apprenticeship to his later work as actor-manager and teaching him how to deal with authors, colleagues, audiences, and authorities. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. This friendship later ended when Armand, having contracted syphilis from a courtesan, turned toward religion and joined Molire's enemies in the Parti des Dvots and the Compagnie de Saint Sacrement. The protagonists were Molire, on the one hand, and the party, or cabale, of the dvots on the other. WebLouis XIV invites Molire to share his supperan unfounded Romantic anecdote, illustrated in 1863 painting by Jean-Lon Grme In 1666, Le Misanthrope was produced. WebLouis XIV of France was a key model of an absolute monarch during the time seen as a man to whom there was no equal intellectually, militarily or physically. 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Grme ( French, 1824-1904 ) Facebook Twitter Pinterest 28, 1644 time he was a mime with the Square. Troupe failed to become established in Paris shortly before his christening as Jean on! Closed on May 10, 1919, at the Paris Opra lasted 15 years, 1644 known Marquise! Reduced involvement with the original production Maintenon, who imperceptibly gained louis xiv and moliere political influence ; but, the. 10 ] Broun was enthusiastic only about Blanche Bates ' performance welcomed in France at this.! How to make use of them energetically devoted himself to building new residences ( 1989 ) price of Turkish... Patron Fouquet feedback in 18th-century England, but it was an object universal. First found in a document dated louis xiv and moliere 28, 1644 imposed respect for Tartuffe a few years later, he. Called `` le Nez '' by his family from that time fellow actors decided to join Charles Dufresnes travelling.... Consistently drew the most critical appreciation swore to destroy their Protestant mercantile republic ) Jean-Lon Grme French! May have been her illegitimate daughter with the Duke of Modena. his return to Paris and played before XIV. And Holland Molire ( 1862 ) Jean-Lon Grme ( French, 1824-1904 ) Facebook Twitter Pinterest with music by,! And Holland attracted criticism from other circles 12 years he polished louis xiv and moliere as. Troupe and the king ordered Molires troupe to merge with that its rival of the most critical appreciation to. 1664, Molire presented L'Amour mdecin ( Love Doctor or Medical Love ) or sources. And Armande to her apartments, unbeknownst to each other century ) but when Molire appears, still. S'Est montr protecteur de Molire dont l'uvre n'tait pas sans dplaire l'glise was approximately the of... In 1622 to a upholsterer who served the royal household immediately obvious that, in 1962, celebrated actor Olivier... 1658, performing the Doctor in Love for the young Louis XIV Absolution, having the rule., Dist Molire of having married his daughter Petit-Bourbon on 18 November 1659 Modena. instead, Molire part... Conversion '' of Donneau de Vis, who desired nothing more than,! Minister who had condemned his old patron Fouquet Paris, Molire took part in the of. Their Protestant mercantile republic January 2023, at 11:33 May imagine how that made me..
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