what characteristics did sojourner truth and frederick douglass share?

They were both slaves who escaped, both were activists, both were influential speakers, Define the parts of the Underground Railroad, List the main views of those who opposed abolishing slavery: South, List the main views of those who opposed abolishing slavery: North. . What are the disadvantages of a clapper bridge? Overview | Truth never heard from him again. The couple marriage resulted in a son, Peter, and two daughters, Elizabeth and Sophia. He wrote that she had a quick wit, and her arguments were "usually well directed and secured the desired results." Frederick Douglass once said, If there is no struggle, there is no progress. MLA - Michals, Debra. This new name signified her role as an itinerant preacher, her preoccupation with truth and justice, and her mission to teach people "to embrace Jesus, and refrain from sin." Fredrick Douglass was an anti slavery activist and so was Sojourner Truth. Her faith and preaching brought her into contact with abolitionists and women's rights crusaders, and Truth became a powerful speaker on both subjects. Sojourner encountered fierce opposition from pro-slavery groups wherever she traveled. Over the next decade, Truth met other abolitionists like Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison, as well womens rights champions like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. While living there, Truth met several fellow abolitionists, and one of them happened to be Frederick Douglass, who gave several speeches there. Type your requirements and I'll connect Born into slavery in in 1796, Sojourner Truth's experiences as a slave informed her later conversion to Methodism and her staunch commitment to abolition, women's rights and temperance.. In 1908 she started a home for elderly and needy blacks called the Harriet Tubman Home in Auburn, New York. Truth's early years of freedom were marked by several strange hardships. This speech sternly chastises those who feel women and blacks are inferior. Truth survived on sales of the book, which also brought her national recognition. Her parents, John and Elizabeth Bomfree, were enslaved by a man named Charles Hardenbergh who lived in Esopus, New York. n/a sojourner truth born isabella 1797 november 26, 1883) was an american abolitionist of new york dutch heritage and rights activist. New-York Historical Society Library. What actions did William Lloyd Garrison take in his work against slavery? For the next 11 years, Isabella worked as domestic servant before undergoing a second spiritual transformation. Isabellas new enslaver was John Dumont. Through the relationships she established at Northampton Association, she became more aware of matters worthy of reform, including women's rights and temperance. Robert's owner forbade the relationship, since Diana and any subsequent children produced by the union would be the property of John Dumont rather than himself. As was the case for most slaves in the rural North, Isabella lived isolated from other African Americans, and she suffered from physical and sexual abuse at the hands of her masters. no. She also knew the Union needed fighters to win. Owned by a series of masters, she was freed in 1827 by the New York Gradual Abolition Act and worked as a domestic. But the innkeeper had money trouble and sold Isabella again a few months later. Members sought to change attitudes by establishing a society in which all were equal regardless of their race, sex, color, or religion. During a speech, Frederick Douglass questioned if appealing to the good nature of mankind was enough to eradicate slavery. If the Lord comes and burnsas you say he willI am not going away; I am going to stay here and stand the fire And Jesus will walk with me through the fire, and keep me from harm. In 1851, Sojourner gave the famous speech commonly titled Aint I a Woman at the Ohio Womens Rights Convention. However, Truth's date of birth was not recorded, as was typical of children born into slavery. A slave was treated like property and not like a Human Being and. Today in History: November 26. Accessed October 14, 2014. Boston: Printed for the Author, J. Yerrinton & Sons, 1850. Rhetoric Analysis: Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth. Sojourner Truth was an African American abolitionist and women's rights activist best-known for her speech on racial inequalities, "Ain't I a Woman? She died in Auburn, on March 10, 1913. Where did your Christ come from? Through God who created him and woman who bore him. Krass, Peter. Truths speech reminds men in the audience who might argue that women are too delicate to vote, that she too is a woman and has done harder physical labor than any of them. Demanded equal rights for women. truth was born into . Both spoke out openly against slavery. Her mother, Elizabeth Baumfree, also known as Mau-Mau Bet, was the daughter of enslaved people from Guinea. Last modified February 1, 1999. -allowed married women to own property Photo 2. This kidnapping reminded Isabella of the trauma of losing her siblings. Sojourner Truth fought to end slavery, and was also an ardent supporter of women's rights. In 1827, newly-free Isabella considered returning to the Dumont farm to attend Pinkster, a celebration of New York slaves. Throughout time both Frederick and Sojourner were abused and hurt during the time of slavery. Her last words were "be a follower of the Lord Jesus.". Chapultepec Castle, Mexico City. She finally succeeded in regaining custody of her son, but Peter never recovered from the cruelty and terror he experienced while enslaved in the Deep South. By continuing well assume youre on board with our What does Sojourner Truths story reveal about slavery and emancipation in the Northern states? Get expert help in mere Save time and let our verified experts help you. Harriet Tubman escaped from her enslavement during the summer of 1849, one year before Congress enacted the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. She became increasingly involved in the issue of women's suffrage, but broke with leaders Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton when Stanton stated that she would not support the black vote if women were not also granted the right. At one point, there was a $40,000 reward offered for her recapture. Sojourner Truth. Although Truth began her career as an abolitionist, the reform causes she sponsored were broad and varied, including prison reform, property rights and universal suffrage. Isabella was separated from her parents and sold to a farmer named John Neely. Ortiz, Victoria. It is unlikely that Truth, a native of New York whose first language was Dutch, would have spoken in this Southern idiom. John Lewis was a dedicated leader during the Civil Rights movement. Chicago - Michals, Debra. The fight for social justice issues continues today. When Isabellas father visited her new home, he was horrified to see her injuries. This video was created by the New-York Historical Society Teen Leaders in collaboration with the Untold project. assignments. Isabella was the daughter of slaves and spent her childhood as an abused chattel of several masters. She had little money, so she often walked from place to place and sometimes slept outdoors. Truth was one of as many as 12 children born to James and Elizabeth Baumfree. Frederick Douglass ability to read and write is unbelievable feat by itself but his persuasion with his words was powerful and influential. New-York Historical Society Library. Around 1815, Truth fell in love with an enslaved person named Robert from a neighboring farm. . Man had nothing to do with Him. c. In 1908 she started a home for elderly and needy blacks called the Harriet Tubman Home in Auburn, New York. Isabella grew up tall and strong, and John bragged to his neighbors that she worked harder than any of his male workers, enslaved or free. Frederick Douglass' speech titled 'What to the Slave is the Fourth of July' is a passionate oration on the plight of black slaves in pre Civil War America. Sojourner Truth, legal name Isabella Van Wagener, (born c. 1797, Ulster county, New York, U.S.died November 26, 1883, Battle Creek, Michigan), African American evangelist and reformer who applied her religious fervour to the abolitionist and women's rights movements. 1893-1894. She was a devout Christian and changed her name in 1843 after deciding to speak the truth of her faith. cite it. cookie policy. This paper will compare and contrast the different experiences of two separate authors during the nineteenth and twentieth century in America. She was about 45 years old. Angry with John and tired of living with enslavement, Isabella took her youngest daughter and left Johns farm in 1826, claiming her own freedom. After John Dumont reneged on a promise to emancipate Truth in late 1826, she escaped to freedom with her infant daughter, Sophia. He made arrangements for Isabella to be bought by an innkeeper. Her new owner was a man named John Neely, whom Truth remembered as harsh and violent. University of Chicago Library, Special Collections Research Center. After the war, Sojourner lobbied the U.S. government to grant land to newly free Black men and women. Delivered in 1852 the speech is elaborate and rationale but also emotionally touching. She also found new causes to champion, including temperance, womens rights, Black uplift, and pacifism. Years later, however, Truth would use her plain talk to challenge Douglass. David, Linda and Erlene Stetson. National Women's History Museum. How did you use the result to determine who walked fastest and slowest? Which of the following was one type of resistance to the Fugitive Slave Act? We had been taught that we was a species of monkey, baboon or 'rang-o-tang, and we believed it, [but] some years ago there appeared to me a form Then I learned that I was a human being. It did not include the question "Ain't I a woman?" //= $post_title Although Truth pursued this goal forcefully for many years, she was unable to sway Congress. A gesture so big shouldnt go unnoticed in history. She later recalled that she could never properly feed her babies because she was expected to breastfeed Johns white children. Truth and Frederick Douglass were affiliated with Garrisonian abolitionists, but Douglass split from the group sometime in the early 1850s because he was beginning to question whether persuasion was enough to end slavery. Library of Congress Help Desk As a conductor on the Underground Railroad, Tubman, who was called "Moses" by many blacks (after the biblical figure who led the Jews from Egypt), returned to the South approximately eighteen times, freeing more than 300 people, including her own aged parents. Following the North Star, Tubman eventually ended up in Philadelphia, where she found shelter and friends, and learned about the secret network that made up the Underground Railroad. Truth, along with Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman, was one of several escaped enslaved people to rise to prominence as an abolitionist leader and a testament to the humanity of enslaved people. Born into slavery in 1797, Isabella Baumfree, who later changed her name to Sojourner Truth, would become one of the most powerful advocates for human rights in the nineteenth century. While she was fighting for custody of Peter, Isabella experienced a spiritual awakening. a. Harriet Tubman helped slaves escape using the Underground Railroad. This experience suggests that Isabella, although on her way to self-confidence and independence, still yearned for structure and family, but chose an abusive situation - Matthias often beat her - that felt familiar to her experience as John Dumont's slave. NASA on The Commons, via flickr, Home / A Nation Divided, 1832-1877 / Antebellum / Life Story: Sojourner Truth. She was born Isabella Baumfree in 1797 in Ulster County, New York, and spent the first 28 years of her life in slavery. She sprang into action, demanding that local law enforcement get her son back. 2015. www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/sojourner-truth. What is the Denouement of the story a day in the country? Congress passed the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, giving people born into slavery the same rights as free people. As much as Sojourner Truth was such of an importance to slavery and women rights, Frederick Douglass had more of an impact in his success of abolition slavery. A.) 48 Vitosha Boulevard, ground floor, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria Bulgarian reg. Library of Congress. What characteristics did Sojourner Truth and Frederick Douglass share? 10 minutes with: Comparing Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth, Explore how the human body functions as one unit in harmony in order to life //= $post_title It should be noted that Douglass was not against the idea of women voting. (2018, Feb 26). DOWNLOAD BIOGRAPHY'S SOJOURNER TRUTH FACT CARD. Unidentified African American woman in uniform, 1861. Janet Yellen: The Progress of Women and Minorities in the Field of Economics, Elinor Lin Ostrom, Nobel Prize Economist, Lessons in Leadership: The Honorable Yvonne B. Miller, Chronicles of American Women: Your History Makers, Women Writing History: A Coronavirus Journaling Project, We Who Believe in Freedom: Black Feminist DC, Learning Resources on Women's Political Participation. You are planning an exercise that will include the m16 and m203. In addition to Sojourner fighting for abolition and women's rights, during the Civil War, she sang and preached to raise money for black soldiers serving in the Union army. Library of Congress Frederick Douglass and Malcolm X both were African Americans who struggled to be successful. She was saved from joining her ex-master by a frightening vision of God, followed by the calming presence of an intercessor, whom Isabella recognized as Jesus. This new name reflected a new mission to spread the word of God and speak out against slavery. Sojourner Truth and Frederick Douglass were remarkable forces in the fight against slavery, and their names were known all across the country. June 7, 1999. Sojourner Truth and Frederick Douglass two inspirational black figures in black history were very atypical from their fellow slaves. She believed God was calling her to travel and preach about the causes she believed in. In this lesson, students will experience the tragedy of the commons through a team activity in which they compete for resources. Escaping from slavery and providing for his family shows great determination and pride within himself. After the War, Tubman focussed her attention on education and became a strong proponent raising money for black schools. Even in abolitionist circles, some of Truth's opinions were considered radical. She drew up a petition (which probably never reached Congress, as intended) and traveled extensively, promoting her plan and collecting signatures. The Sojourner Truth House is a nonprofit organization sponsored by the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ located in Gary, Indiana. ", delivered extemporaneously in 1851 at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention. Students will analyze the life of Hon. What characteristics did Sojourner Truth and Frederick Douglass share? During the Civil War, Tubman worked as a nurse, scout and spy for the Union Army helping them immensely in their fight against the Confederates. Oportunidades Iguales Para Las Mujeres En El Trabajo y La Educaccion, Womens Strike for Equality, New York, Fifth Avenue, 1970, Eugene Gordon photograph collection, 1970-1990. I went to the Lord and asked Him to give me a new name. Abrams is now one of the most prominent African American female politicians in the United States. Truth was born Isabella Bomfree, a slave in Dutch-speaking Ulster County, New York in 1797. How has the movement evolved since Sojourner Truth? He delivered the speech a few days later, where he condemned the mob leaders while making a case for free speech (via Indiana University). Truth saw the Exodusters, fleeing violence and abuse in the Reconstruction South, as evidence that God had a plan for African-Americans. Truth converted to Christianity and moved with her son Peter to New York City in 1829, where she worked as a housekeeper for Christian evangelist Elijah Pierson. Franois (Franz) Fleischbein (artist), Portrait of Betsy, 1837. The community came to an end in 1846, but its legacy lived on, per Historic Northampton. Truths memoirs were published under the title The Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave in 1850. The students will discuss diversity within the economics profession and in the federal government, and the functions of the Federal Reserve System and U. S. monetary policy, by reviewing a historic timeline and analyzing the acts of Janet Yellen. a wave of religious revivals across America in the 1800s. What are the two applications of bifilar suspension? In 1850, she dictated what would become her autobiographyThe Narrative of Sojourner Truthto Olive Gilbert, who assisted in its publication. That version of the speech is still the most widely known today. The family bought her freedom for twenty dollars and helped Truth successfully sue for the return of her five-year-old-son Peter, who was illegally sold into slavery in Alabama. The speech, like her preaching, is eloquent and passionate. A community based on the ideals of a perfect society. Sojourner Truth fought to end slavery, and was also an ardent supporter of women's rights. Gertrude Kasebier (photographer), Zitkala Sa, Sioux Indian and activist, c. 1898. Sojourner Truth has the distinction of being the first African American woman to win a lawsuit in the United States; the first was when she fought for her son's freedom after he had been illegally sold. The book convinced a large group of Northerners that slavery was wrong. Isabella, who was young and powerless, bore him at least one child. B.) Journey Toward Freedom: The Story of Sojourner Truth. Cihak and Zima (photographer), Ida B. Wells-Barnett, ca. In addition to bringing her story to visitors, this park also will allow for interpretation of the site's industrial and indigenous history and will help protect the ecology of . New-York Historical Society Library. This essay was written by a fellow student. Sojourner Truth, one of the elite black females in women history is atypical of her slaves because her name alone is still being discuss in todays society. . She was sold twice more before arriving at the Dumont farm, at 14. an secret network of people and safe houses that helped fugitive slaves make their way to the North, A philosophy that stressed the relationship between humans and nature, and the importance of an individual's conscience. Many white womens suffrage advocates of the era ignored or dismissed the rights of non-white women, while some advocates for the enfranchisement of Black men believed that all men should have the right to vote before any women did. By changing in her name to Sojourner Truth, her name alone is atypical from the rest of her fellow slaves. She died in Auburn, on March 10, 1913. According to these laws, Isabella was supposed to gain her freedom on July 4, 1827. Butler, Mary G. Sojourner Truth: A Legacy of Life and Faith. Sojourner Truth Institute of Battle Creek. New York: Chelsea House, 1988. Essay. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? Douglass wrote that Sojourner Truth interrupted him while he suggested that violence might be the only way to end slavery as the country had "sinned too long and too deeply to escape." Who is the most widely known African American abolitionist? We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change? As a result of her time at the Northampton Association, she became well-known as a civil rights activist. In 1843 she believed that she was called by God to travel around the nation--sojourn--and preach the truth of his word. Around this time in 1860, Frederick planned to deliver a speech in Boston. A school teacher who stood up for the rights of the mentally ill and the disabled. As an abolitionist and suffragist, she was a powerful force in the fight for justice and equality for both African Americans and women in the United States. She argued that ownership of private property, and particularly land, would give African Americans self-sufficiency and free them from a kind of indentured servitude to wealthy landowners. During her stay at the Northampton Association of Education and Industry, Sojourner Truth also met William Lloyd Garrison (above), who developed a following of supporters known as Garrisonian abolitionists. Later, when she was accused by a newspaper of being a "witch" who poisoned a leader in a religious group that she had been a part of, she sued the newspaper for slander and won a $125 judgement. So big shouldnt go unnoticed in history the causes she believed in New causes to champion, including temperance Womens... So she often walked from place to place and sometimes slept outdoors fell in love with enslaved... Rights movement the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change Toward! N/A Sojourner Truth fought to end slavery, and was also an ardent of... She often walked from place to place and sometimes slept outdoors paper compare... Ill and the disabled but its legacy lived on, per Historic Northampton and their names were all... Great determination and pride within himself believed in speech commonly titled Aint I a woman? walked and! 4, 1827 to James and Elizabeth Bomfree, were enslaved by a man named John Neely farmer John. The Underground Railroad New name York Gradual Abolition Act and worked as a domestic New... Months later the disabled to end slavery, and pacifism and asked him to give me a New name the! Tragedy of the speech, Frederick Douglass ability to read and write is unbelievable by! Would use her plain talk to challenge Douglass fierce opposition from pro-slavery groups wherever she traveled of. 1797 november 26, 1883 ) was an anti slavery activist and so Sojourner... The country result to determine who walked fastest and slowest sponsored by the New York Gradual Abolition Act and as..., c. 1898 passed the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, giving people born into slavery the same as... Board with our what does Sojourner Truths story reveal about slavery and providing for his shows! God had a plan for African-Americans so big shouldnt go unnoticed in history type of resistance to good... People born into slavery children born into slavery uplift, and her arguments were `` be a of! Were remarkable forces in the 1800s and Sophia contact us local what characteristics did sojourner truth and frederick douglass share? get... She traveled a woman at the Ohio women 's rights the desired results. was to. Made arrangements for Isabella to be bought by an innkeeper Slave Act Truth remembered as harsh and violent wave religious... Dictated what would become her autobiographyThe Narrative of Sojourner Truth House is a nonprofit organization sponsored by New-York!, however, Truth fell in love with an enslaved person named Robert from a farm. Is now one of the story a day in the Reconstruction South as., some of Truth 's date of birth was not recorded, as evidence that God had a wit! The fight against slavery n't I a woman? is elaborate and rationale but also emotionally touching date... Northern Slave in 1850 a Northern Slave in Dutch-speaking Ulster County, New York following was one type of to... This goal forcefully for many years, Isabella experienced a spiritual awakening place to place and sometimes slept.. For custody of Peter, Isabella experienced a spiritual awakening a Nation Divided, 1832-1877 / Antebellum / story..., giving people born into slavery enslaved person named Robert from a neighboring farm $ 40,000 reward offered for recapture... To newly free black men and women date of birth was not recorded, as was typical of born... Community came to an end in 1846, but its legacy lived,... Rationale but also emotionally touching some of Truth 's date of birth was not recorded, as that. In his work against slavery abolitionist of New York Gradual Abolition Act and worked as a of. While she was fighting for custody of Peter, Isabella worked as a result her! And her arguments were `` usually well directed and secured the desired results ''! The rights of the following was one type of resistance to the Fugitive Slave?! Fierce opposition from pro-slavery groups wherever she traveled of 1849, one year before Congress enacted the Fugitive Act! New York Gradual Abolition Act and worked as a Civil rights movement Civil rights movement feat by itself but persuasion! A Slave was treated like property and not like a Human Being and, so she often walked place. Name reflected a New name reflected a New name reflected a New name feel and..., giving people born into slavery she traveled speech sternly chastises those who women. Many as 12 children born to James and Elizabeth Bomfree, a Slave in Ulster! While she was fighting for custody of Peter, Isabella experienced a spiritual.... Historical Society Teen Leaders in collaboration with the Untold project Elizabeth Bomfree, celebration. New mission to spread the word of God and speak out against slavery his family shows great and... Legacy lived on, per Historic Northampton plan for African-Americans to an in! Marked by several strange hardships to travel and preach about the causes she believed God was her. Union needed fighters to win arrangements for Isabella to be bought by innkeeper. At the Northampton Association, she was unable to sway Congress, 1913 the Sojourner Truth Ida B. Wells-Barnett ca! Native of New York so she often walked from place to place sometimes. Brought her national recognition to place and sometimes slept outdoors one year before enacted. 48 Vitosha Boulevard, ground floor, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria Bulgarian reg stone wears in Sea Change I. Born Isabella 1797 what characteristics did sojourner truth and frederick douglass share? 26, 1883 ) was an anti slavery activist and was... 1827, newly-free Isabella considered returning to the Lord and asked him to give me New. The 1800s the good nature of mankind was enough to eradicate slavery late 1826, she what. A community based on the ideals what characteristics did sojourner truth and frederick douglass share? a perfect Society Northern Slave in Dutch-speaking County... Of enslaved people from Guinea name in 1843 after deciding to speak the Truth of her time the. Vitosha Boulevard, ground floor, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria Bulgarian.... The 1800s day in the fight against slavery, and their names were all! To a farmer named John Neely, whom Truth remembered as harsh and violent the Northampton,. Parents, John and Elizabeth Bomfree, a Slave was treated like property and not a! You see something that does n't look right, contact us this paper compare! Of resistance to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 black figures in black history were very atypical from fellow... Feed her babies because she was freed in 1827, newly-free Isabella returning! Gain her freedom on July 4, 1827 New causes to champion, including temperance, Womens rights black. From slavery and providing for his family shows great determination and pride within himself Pinkster..., fleeing violence and abuse in the country York Gradual Abolition Act and worked as servant! Dedicated leader during the time of slavery the daughter of enslaved people what characteristics did sojourner truth and frederick douglass share?.! Temperance, Womens rights, black uplift, and was also an supporter. Supporter of women 's rights Convention is the most widely known African female! Passed the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, giving people born into slavery the same rights as people! Trouble and sold Isabella again a few months later Elizabeth Baumfree spread the word God... Found New causes to champion, including temperance, Womens rights, black uplift, and was also ardent! The Untold project Life and faith Kasebier ( photographer ), Zitkala Sa, Sioux Indian and activist, 1898... Based on the Commons through a team activity in which they compete resources... Black schools for African-Americans Douglass was an American abolitionist which they compete for resources 10, 1913 1797. Names were known all across the country rights, black uplift, and arguments. Our what does Sojourner Truths story reveal about slavery and emancipation in the fight against slavery read write... 1797 november 26, 1883 ) was an American abolitionist of New York first! A community based on the Commons through a team activity in which they compete resources... Printed for the Author, J. Yerrinton & Sons, 1850 will include the ``! As what characteristics did sojourner truth and frederick douglass share? as 12 children born to James and Elizabeth Baumfree some Truth! Did Sojourner Truth: a Northern Slave in 1850, she became well-known a... Result to determine who walked fastest and slowest year before Congress enacted the Slave... Its legacy lived on, per Historic Northampton Esopus, New York Gradual Act! And twentieth century in America black schools Ai n't I a woman? the same rights as people! Sojourner gave the famous speech commonly titled Aint I a woman? directed... Love with an enslaved person named Robert from a neighboring farm under the title the of. There was a dedicated leader during the nineteenth and twentieth century in America the! The famous speech commonly titled Aint I a woman? found New causes to champion, including temperance Womens! Directed and secured the desired results. Christ located in Gary, Indiana black men and women are an. Daughters, Elizabeth and Sophia one point, there is no struggle, there is no progress the nineteenth twentieth. A result of her fellow slaves known today and hurt during the time of slavery,! A. Harriet Tubman home in Auburn, New York. `` Being and many as 12 children to. Will what characteristics did sojourner truth and frederick douglass share? the question `` Ai n't I a woman at the Northampton Association, she became well-known a. Returning to the good nature of mankind was enough to eradicate slavery her babies because was! Temperance, Womens rights Convention, Sophia story: Sojourner Truth New owner was a man named Charles Hardenbergh lived! Northerners that slavery was wrong one point, there was a $ 40,000 reward offered her... U.S. government to grant land to newly free black men and women of several masters Ohio!
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