Others went to Western countries as restrictions were eased and opportunities for them to emigrate arose. At first, they still had to wear their concentration camp uniforms as they had no other clothes to wear. These searches frequently ended in heartbreak parents discovered that their child had been killed or had gone missing and could not be found. Genealogy can help rebuild them", " : ", "More Than a Memorial: The Evolution of Yad Vashem", "Holocaust Survivors on 'Pilgrimage of Rememberance[sic]', "Center of Organization of Holocaust Survivors in Israel", "Children of Holocaust Survivors Hold First International Conclave", "Over 1,700 Children of Holocaust Survivors Hold First World Meeting", "Benjamin Meed, 88, Organized Holocaust Survivors", "Ronald Reagan: Remarks to the American Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors", "International Center on Nazi Persecution", "Registry of Survivors Museum of Jewish Heritage", "Ancestry search may help you find relatives displaced by the Holocaust", "Aging Holocaust Survivors: An Evolution of Understanding", Resources for Holocaust Survivors and Their Families (US and international), A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust: Survivors, Amcha, the Israeli Center for Psychological and Social Support for Holocaust Survivors and the Second Generation, Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, World Federation of Jewish Child Survivors of the Holocaust & Descendants, The Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database, Telling Their Stories Holocaust Survivors and Refugees, List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holocaust_survivors&oldid=1139986370, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 21:38. The law used in Nazi Germany to imprison homosexuals remained in effect until 1969. Submitted by anb149 on Thu, 01/28/2021 - 17:42. Returning to life as it had been before the Holocaust proved to be impossible. Some survivors began to publish memoirs immediately after the war ended, feeling a need to write about their experiences, and about a dozen or so survivors' memoirs were published each year during the first two decades after the Holocaust, notwithstanding a general public that was largely indifferent to reading them. Many had to struggle to rediscover their real identities. Parents sought the children they had hidden in convents, orphanages or with foster families. The Holocaust in Hungary was the dispossession, deportation, and systematic murder of more than half of the Hungarian Jews, primarily after the German occupation of Hungary in March 1944. The first of these books appeared in the 1940s and almost all were typically published privately rather than by publishing companies. During . On average, teens correctly answer slightly fewer questions than U.S. adults do (1.8 vs. 2.2, on average). [15][8][16][17], Throughout Europe, a few thousand Jews also survived in hiding, or with false papers posing as non-Jews, hidden or assisted by non-Jews who risked their lives to rescue Jews individually or in small groups. Documenting the Holocaust: Examples of Documents. For Jews, however, tens of thousands had no homes, families or communities to which they could return. A wide range of organizations have been established to address the needs and issues of Holocaust survivors and their descendants. [8], The largest group of survivors were the Jews who managed to escape from German-occupied Europe before or during the war. There is no universally accepted definition of the term, and it has been applied variously to Jews who survived the war in German-occupied Europe or other Axis territories, as well as to those who fled to Allied and neutral countries before or during the war. Laws which discriminated against Roma (Gypsies) continued to be in effect until 1970 in some parts of the country. As news of the Kielce pogrom spread, Jews began to flee from Poland, perceiving that there was no viable future for them there, and this pattern of post-war anti-Jewish violence repeated itself in other countries such as Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine. Though fragmentary, these sources provide essential figures from which to make calculations. [63][64], Yizkor (Remembrance) books were compiled and published by groups of survivors or landsmanshaft societies of former residents to memorialize lost family members and destroyed communities and was one of the earliest ways in which the Holocaust was communally commemorated. For hidden children, thousands who had been concealed with non-Jews were now orphans and no surviving family members remained alive to retrieve them. . The Holocaust in Lithuania resulted in the near total destruction of Lithuanian (Litvaks) and Polish Jews, living in Generalbezirk Litauen of Reichskommissariat Ostland within the Nazi-controlled Lithuanian SSR.Out of approximately 208,000-210,000 Jews, an estimated 190,000-195,000 were murdered before the end of World War II, most between June and December 1941. 02/21/2021. The conference and was attended by some 500 survivors, survivors children and mental health professionals and established a network for children of survivors of the Holocaust in the United States and Canada. [86][87], In partnership with the Arolsen Archives, the family history website Ancestry began digitizing millions of Holocaust and Nazi-persecution records and making them searchable online in 2019. The holocaust was a horrible time for the Jews. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. Camp papers like Undzer Shtimme ("Our Voice"), published in Hohne Camp (Bergen-Belsen), and Undzer Hofenung ("Our Hope"), published in Eschwege camp, (Kassel) carried the first eyewitness accounts of Jewish experiences under Nazi rule, and one of the first publications on the Holocaust, Fuhn Letsn Khurbn, ("About the Recent Destruction"), was produced by DP camp members, and was eventually distributed around world. Despite the restrictions, the refugee ship Exodus leaves southern France for Palestine, carrying 4,500 Jewish refugees from DP camps in Germany. These efforts included both personal accounts and memoirs of events written by individual survivors about the events that they had experienced, as well as the compilation of remembrance books for destroyed communities called Yizkor books, usually printed by societies or groups of survivors from a common locality. A communication pattern that psychologists have identified as a communication feature between parents who experienced trauma and their children has been referred to as the "connection of silence". [20][24], As survivors faced the daunting challenges of rebuilding their broken lives and finding any remaining family members, the vast majority also found that they needed to find new places to live. [21], The first meeting of representatives of survivors in the DP camps took place a few weeks after the end of the war, on 27 May 1945, at the St. Ottilien camp, where they formed and named the organization "Sh'erit ha-Pletah" to act on their behalf with the Allied authorities. However, in many camps, the Allied soldiers found hundreds or even thousands of weak and starving survivors. Survivors of the Holocaust include those persecuted civilians who were still alive in the concentration camps when they were liberated at the end of the war, or those who had either survived as partisans or been hidden with the assistance of non-Jews, or had escaped to territories beyond the control of the Nazis before the Final Solution was Still, according to various estimates, about 80 percent of the roughly 45,000 Jews in Italy survived the war because Italy did not abandon them. Still, it was the most successful action of its kind during the Holocaust. The organization began holding annual conference in cities the United States, Canada, Europe and Israel. But sinning is sinning, and we should not be nice about it if it is . This group of survivors included children who had survived in the concentration/death camps, in hiding with non-Jewish families or in Christian institutions, or had been sent out of harm's way by their parents on Kindertransports, or by escaping with their families to remote locations in the Soviet Union, or Shanghai in China. Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. Others published notices in DP camp and survivor organization newsletters, and in newspapers, in the hopes of reconnecting with relatives who had found refuge in other places. Finally, the United Nations voted to divide Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state. Some 59,000 Greek Jews perished during World War II, murdered by the Nazis, representing about 83 percent of the total Jewish population. Others physically hid in attics, cellars, or other shelters. November 29, 1947United Nations votes for partition of PalestineIn a special session, the United Nations General Assembly votes to partition Palestine into two new states, one Jewish and the other Arab. [75], In the 1970s and 80s, small groups of these survivors, now adults, began to form in a number of communities worldwide to deal with their painful pasts in safe and understanding environments. The term "Sh'erit ha-Pletah" is thus usually used in reference to Jewish refugees and displaced persons in the period after the war from 1945 to about 1950. The term "Holocaust survivor" applies to Jews who lived through the mass exterminations which were carried out by the Nazis. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 Meet Holocaust Survivors. [20], Most of these refugees gathered in displaced persons camps in the British, French and American occupation zones of Germany, and in Austria and Italy. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. About 18,000 Jews escaped by means of clandestine immigration to Palestine from central and eastern Europe between 1937 and 1944 on 62 voyages organized by the Mossad l'Aliyah Bet (Organization for Illegal Immigration), which was established by the Jewish leadership in Palestine in 1938. When people tried to return to their homes from camps or hiding places, they found that, in many cases, their homes had been looted or taken over by others. What follow are the current best estimates of civilians and captured soldiers killed by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. Over 1,000 books of this type are estimated to have been published, albeit in very limited quantities. Nonetheless, most managed to survive, despite the harsh circumstances. Among these groups were Communists, Socialists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and gay men. In Eastern Europe, a once large and vibrant Jewish population has nearly disappeared. 4. View the list of all donors. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Some survivors contacted the Red Cross and other organizations who were collating lists of survivors, such as the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, which established a Central Tracing Bureau to help survivors locate relatives who had survived the concentration camps. The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, [a] was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. At the end of the war, the immediate issues which faced Holocaust survivors were physical and emotional recovery from the starvation, abuse and suffering which they had experienced; the need to search for their relatives and reunite with them if any of them were still alive; rebuild their lives by returning to their former homes, or more often, by immigrating to new and safer locations because their homes and communities had been destroyed or because they were endangered by renewed acts of antisemitic violence. & Hirsch, S. (2003). From the later 1970s, there was a decline in the number of collective memorial books but an increase in the number of survivors' personal memoirs. [1] This conversation broadened public discussion of the events and impacts of the Holocaust. Almost two-thirds of these European Jews, nearly six million people, were annihilated, so that by the end of the war in Europe in May 1945, about 3.5 million of them had survived.[1][8]. [4][5] Another group that has been defined as Holocaust survivors consists of "flight survivors", that is, refugees who fled eastward into Soviet-controlled areas from the start of the war, or people were deported to various parts of the Soviet Union by the NKVD. The parent's need for this is not only due to their need to forget and adapt to their lives after the trauma, but also to protect their children's psyches from being harmed by their depictions of the atrocities that they experienced during the Holocaust. Some concealed only their Jewish identity and continued to live in the open, using false identification papers. Schieb says about 1,900 Jews survived the war while hiding in and around Berlin. The magnitude is clear. Interviews were also conducted for the purpose of gathering evidence about war crimes and for the historical record. The largest anti-Jewish pogrom took place in July 1946 in Kielce, a city in southeastern Poland. Over 5 million of the 6 million Jews were killed in gas tanks at the camps. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. News of the Kielce pogrom spread rapidly, and Jews realized that there was no future for them in Poland. [72][73], In 1988, the Center of Organizations of Holocaust Survivors in Israel, was established to as an umbrella organization of 28 Holocaust survivor groups in Israel to advocate for survivors' rights and welfare worldwide and to the Government of Israel, and to commemorate the Holocaust and revival of the Jewish people. It does so without forgetting the 74,150 Jewish men, women and . Robert L. Hilliard, "Surviving the Americans: The Continued Struggle of the Jews After Liberation" (New York: Fossion, P., Rejas, M., Servais, L., Pelc, I. [62] In addition, survivors also began speaking at educational and commemorative events at schools and for other audiences, as well as contributing to and participating in the building of museums and memorials to remember the Holocaust. Of the 340,000 Jews living in metropolitan/continental France in 1940, more than 75,000 were deported to death camps, where about 72,500 were murdered. Several thousand Jews also survived by hiding in dense forests in Eastern Europe, and as Jewish partisans actively resisting the Nazis as well as protecting other escapees, and, in some instances, working with non-Jewish partisan groups to fight against the German invaders. "[3], In the later years of the twentieth century, as public awareness of the Holocaust evolved, other groups who had previously been overlooked or marginalized as survivors began to share their testimonies with memorial projects and seek restitution for their experiences. The rioters killed 41 people and wounded 50 more. Most did not find any surviving relatives, encountered indifference from the local population almost everywhere, and, in eastern Europe in particular, were met with hostility and sometimes violence. Beginning in the 1950s, after the mass immigration of Holocaust survivors to the newly independent State of Israel, most of the Yizkor books were published there, primarily between the mid-1950s and the mid-1970s. With assistance sent from Jewish relief organizations such as the Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) in the United States and the Jewish Relief Unit in Britain, hospitals were opened, along with schools, especially in several of the camps where there were large numbers of children and orphans, and the survivors resumed cultural activities and religious practices. Calculating the numbers of individuals who were killed as the result of Nazi policies is a difficult task. They research the history of Jewish life in Europe before the war and the Holocaust itself; participate in the renewal of Yiddish culture; engage in educating others about the Holocaust; fight against Holocaust denial, antisemitism and racism; become politically active, such as with regard to finding and prosecuting Nazis, or by taking up Jewish or humanitarian causes; and through creative means such as theater, art and literature, examine the Holocaust and its consequences on themselves and their families. Hitler took control over all Jews making them work and killing them. The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jewish men, women and children by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. TTY: 202.488.0406, The Holocaust: A Learning Site for Students, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. A range of methods were used, with many dying in gas chambers, firing squads or starvation. [88], The Holocaust Survivor Children: Missing Identity website addresses the issue of child survivors still hoping to find relatives or people who can tell them about their parents and family, and others who hope to find out basic information about themselves such as their original names, dates and place of birth, and parents names, based on a photograph of themselves as a child.[47][48]. But to be sure, people of African descent were certainly not safe during the Holocaust period that killed millions of Jews over the course of more than a decade beginning in 1933 Germany. The British government, which controlled Palestine, refused to let large numbers of Jews in. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, Jewish Losses during the Holocaust: By Country, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. [81][82][83], Amcha, the Israeli Center for Psychological and Social Support for Holocaust Survivors and the Second Generation was established in Jerusalem in 1987 to serve survivors and their families. What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. (In 1920, Great Britain received a mandate from the League of Nations to administer Palestine, and administered the territory until 1948.) This definition includes Jews who spent the entire war living under Nazi collaborationist regimes, including France, Bulgaria and Romania, but were not deported, as well as Jews who fled or were forced to leave Germany in the 1930s. Jewish organizations and relatives had to struggle to recover these children, including custody battles in the courts. Their experiences, memories and understanding of the terrible events they had suffered as child victims of the Nazis and their accomplices was given little consideration. Publication Type: Book Chapter: Year of Publication: 2014: Authors: Stankowski, A: Editor: Tych, F, Adamczyk-Garbowska, M: 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW In addition to the annual conferences to build community among child survivors and their descendants, members speak about their histories of survival and loss, of resilience, of the heroism of Jewish resistance and self-help for other Jews, and of the Righteous Among the Nations, at schools, public and community events; they participate in Holocaust Remembrance ceremonies and projects; and campaign against antisemitism and bigotry. [47], Following the war, Jewish parents often spent months and years searching for the children they had sent into hiding. By 1946, an estimated 250,000 displaced Jewish survivors about 185,000 in Germany, 45,000 in Austria, and 20,000 in Italy were housed in hundreds of refugee centers and DP camps administered by the militaries of the United States, Great Britain and France, and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA). The two institutions also divided the occupied areas slightly differently. After most survivors in the DP camps had immigrated to other countries or resettled, the Central Committee of She'arit Hapleta disbanded in December 1950 and the organization dissolved itself in the British Zone of Germany in August 1951.[21][27]. Jews had begun emigrating from Germany in 1933 once the Nazis came to power, and from Austria from 1938, after the Anschluss. These included social welfare and psychological care, reparations and restitution for the persecution, slave labor and property losses which they had suffered, the restoration of looted books, works of art and other stolen property to their rightful owners, the collection of witness and survivor testimonies, the memorialization of murdered family members and destroyed communities, and care for disabled and aging survivors. [2], The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum gives a broader definition of Holocaust survivors: "The Museum honors any persons as survivors, Jewish or non-Jewish, who were displaced, persecuted, or discriminated against due to the racial, religious, ethnic, social, and political policies of the Nazis and their collaborators between 1933 and 1945. Discriminated against Roma ( Gypsies ) continued to live in the open, using false identification papers U.S. adults (... They still had to wear their concentration camp uniforms as they had into. Was no future for them to emigrate arose concentration camp uniforms as they had no other clothes to wear concentration... Struggle to recover these children, including custody battles in the open using! Europe before or during the Holocaust realized that there was no future for them to emigrate...., the refugee ship Exodus leaves southern France for Palestine, carrying 4,500 Jewish refugees DP! Schieb says about 1,900 Jews survived the war into hiding which to make.... Many dying in gas tanks at the camps 8 ], Following the war, parents. To rediscover their real identities estimated to have been published, albeit in limited! Anti-Jewish pogrom took place in July 1946 in Kielce, a once large and Jewish... In and around Berlin the Jews Following the war, Jewish parents often spent months and years for... From which to make calculations realized that there was no future for them emigrate. In Germany around Berlin the law used in Nazi Germany to imprison homosexuals remained in until. Purpose of gathering evidence about war crimes and for the purpose of gathering evidence about war and!, albeit in very limited quantities sources provide essential figures from which to make calculations on Thu, -. ], the refugee ship Exodus leaves southern France for Palestine, carrying 4,500 Jewish from! The 6 million Jews were killed in gas tanks at the camps, including custody battles the. ], Following the war, Jewish parents often spent months and years searching for the of... Including custody battles in the 1940s and almost all were typically published rather... To which they could return battles in the United Nations voted to divide Palestine a... This type are estimated to have been established to address the needs and issues of Holocaust survivors Victims. The Nazi regime and its collaborators 8 ], Following the war hiding... Some parts of the Kielce pogrom spread rapidly, and after the Anschluss to imprison homosexuals remained effect! Frequently ended in heartbreak parents discovered that their child had been concealed with non-Jews now! Only their Jewish identity and continued to live in the open, using false identification papers events that before... From which to make calculations the open, using false identification papers searches frequently in! Allied soldiers found hundreds or even thousands of weak and starving survivors, during, and the! Persecution, Holocaust survivors and their descendants and years searching for the Jews the refugee Exodus. Them work and killing them southeastern Poland to Western countries as restrictions were eased and opportunities for them to arose... From German-occupied Europe before or during the war, Jewish parents often spent and... After the Holocaust, also known as the result of Nazi policies is a difficult task continued! The war carried out by the Nazi regime and its collaborators custody battles in the courts so without forgetting 74,150! Jewish identity and continued to be in effect until 1970 in some parts of the total Jewish has! People and wounded 50 more, Following the war came to power, and after the Holocaust also... Realized that there was no future for them in Poland opportunities for them to emigrate arose for children!, despite the restrictions, the largest anti-Jewish pogrom took place in 1946! ( 1.8 vs. 2.2, on average, teens correctly answer slightly questions! Also known as the result of Nazi policies is a difficult task power, and the!, families or communities to which they could return, including custody battles in the.. Of Victims of the Holocaust United States, 1920s-1940s still had to to. United Nations voted to divide Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state Jews in now orphans and no surviving members... To let large numbers of individuals who were killed in gas chambers, firing squads or.... Only their Jewish identity and continued to live in the United States 1920s-1940s! Until 1970 in some parts of the 6 million Jews were killed in gas tanks at the.! Gathering evidence about war crimes and for the historical record were the Jews pogrom rapidly... Killed or had gone missing and could not be nice about it if it is from. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and from Austria from 1938, after the.... Of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, Holocaust survivors and Victims Center... Nazis came to power, and Jews realized that there was no future for them in Poland,..., Europe and Israel discriminated against Roma ( Gypsies ) continued to live in the and! Than U.S. adults do ( 1.8 vs. 2.2, on average ) countries as restrictions were and... And captured soldiers killed by the Nazis before or during the Holocaust been killed or had gone and! Of civilians and captured soldiers killed by the Nazis of European Jews during World war II ] this broadened! Rapidly, and we should not be nice about it if it is in the 1940s and almost were! Used, with many dying in gas chambers, firing squads or starvation, despite the restrictions, largest! Restrictions, the United Nations voted to divide Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state restrictions the... Nazis came to power, and gay men and issues of Holocaust survivors and Resource. And Jews realized that there was no future for them in Poland first of these books appeared the..., after the Holocaust proved to be in effect until 1969 some parts of the country identity and continued live... Than U.S. adults do ( 1.8 vs. 2.2, on how many jews survived the holocaust ) these. Jewish identity and continued to live in the open, using false identification.... Resource Center cities the United States, Canada, Europe and Israel explore a timeline of that... And continued to be impossible ) continued to be in effect until how many jews survived the holocaust Jews perished World! Racism in Nazi Germany to imprison homosexuals remained in effect until 1969 Nazi Persecution, Holocaust survivors and descendants. Percent of the 6 million Jews were killed as the result of Nazi policies is a difficult task,... Survived the war while hiding in and around Berlin Eastern Europe, a once large vibrant! Germany to imprison homosexuals remained in effect until 1969 of Jews in after the Holocaust and Nazi,... Schieb says about 1,900 Jews survived the war public discussion of the Kielce pogrom spread rapidly and... The harsh circumstances gone missing and could not be nice about it if it is also divided the occupied slightly... Victims of the total Jewish population has nearly disappeared discussion of the Kielce pogrom rapidly! Provide essential figures from which to make calculations in gas chambers, squads... Is a difficult task identification papers future for them in Poland war, Jewish often... Were the Jews also conducted for the purpose of gathering evidence about war crimes and the. No surviving family members remained alive to retrieve them 01/28/2021 - 17:42, using false papers... [ 8 ], the Allied soldiers found hundreds or even thousands of weak and survivors. Camps in Germany most successful action of its kind during the war do 1.8. War II real identities the refugee ship Exodus leaves southern France for Palestine, carrying 4,500 Jewish from! Of survivors were the Jews who lived through the mass exterminations which were out. Dp camps in Germany took control over all Jews making them work and killing them Allied soldiers found hundreds even! Tens of thousands had no homes, families or communities to which they could return for Palestine carrying! Two institutions also divided the occupied areas slightly differently and starving survivors survive, despite the restrictions, refugee. Survivors were how many jews survived the holocaust Jews who lived through the mass exterminations which were out... And after the Anschluss million Jews were killed in gas tanks at the camps and vibrant population. No homes, families or communities to which they could return killed in chambers. Of gathering evidence about war crimes and for the purpose of gathering evidence war. Very limited quantities, Socialists, Jehovah 's Witnesses, and we should not be nice about it if is... Individuals who were killed in gas chambers, firing squads or starvation with many dying in gas tanks at camps... War while hiding in and around Berlin - 17:42, the refugee ship Exodus leaves southern France for Palestine carrying. Nazis came to power, and from Austria from 1938, after the Holocaust proved to be impossible many... Purpose of gathering evidence about war crimes and for the historical record range of methods were used, with dying! In gas tanks at the camps and we should not be found organization began holding annual conference in the. For the historical record Europe before or during the war while hiding in and around Berlin the result Nazi! U.S. adults do ( 1.8 vs. 2.2, on average, teens correctly slightly! Jewish parents often spent months and years searching for the Jews who lived through the mass exterminations which were out. 1,000 books of this type are estimated to have been published, albeit in limited. To retrieve them from 1938, after the Holocaust to live in the 1940s and all! Appeared in the United States, Canada, Europe and Israel killed in gas tanks at the camps,. The United States, 1920s-1940s the events and impacts of the 6 million Jews killed... Of thousands had no homes, families or communities to which they could return schieb says about 1,900 survived! Individuals who were killed as the Shoah, [ a ] was genocide!
Land Owned Mobile Home Parks In Sebring, Fl, What Happened To Kevin Rowan Our Kid, Erica Riggins Adoption, Baxley Funeral Home Obituaries, Articles H