A Midsummer Night's Dream Translation Table of Contents. Most significant among the customs of the summer is lighting the fire of Midsummer Night (szentivni tzgyjts) on the day of St. John (June 24), when the sun follows the highest course, when the nights are the shortest and the days the longest. In the western town of Kuldga, revellers mark the holiday by running naked through the town at three in the morning. Subscribe now. Puck obtains the flower, and Oberon tells him of his plan to spread its juice on the sleeping Titanias eyelids. [18] In England, the earliest reference to this custom occurs on in the 13th century A.D.,[18] in the Liber Memorandum of the parish church at Barnwell in the Nene Valley, which stated that parish youth would gather on the day to sing songs and play games. Hermia argues for her right to marry Lysander, the man she is in love with. By the end of the play, Egeus has not changed his mind. We'll look at their character traits and analyze their conflict in the play. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% In original performances, the actor for his role probably played the part of Philostrate as well. In Wales it is called Gyl Ifan, or Gyl Ifan Ganol Haf (St John's of Midsummer) to distinguish it from Gyl Ifan Ganol Gaeaf (St John's of Midwinter, the feast of John the Evangelist). The most important episode of the custom is the lighting of the fire. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. Latest answer posted May 04, 2020 at 8:10:50 PM. . Lysander These beliefs pivot on three basic ideas: the importance of medicinal plants, especially in relation to health, youth and beauty; the protective character of fire to ward men off evil spirits and witches and, finally, the purifying, miraculous effects of water. Bonfires are lit in order to repel witches and other evil spirits,[23] with the burnings sending the "witch" away to Bloksbjerg, the Brocken mountain in the Harz region of Germany where the great witch gathering was thought to be held on this day. As far as society is concerned, Hermia's disobedience is the outrageous behavior, not Egeus' control over her. Demetrius. Egeus / idis / is a character in A Midsummer Night's Dream, the comedy by William Shakespeare. Since Hermia has been conditioned to accept gender inequality, she has no intention of rocking the boat in public. Ji has been a strong aspect of Latvian culture throughout history, originating in pre-Christian Latvia as an ancient fertility cult. Only Puck remains, to ask the audience for its forgiveness and approval and to urge it to remember the play as though it had all been a dream. However, even for Elizabethan times, Egeus is an especially rigid and aggressively misogynist character. He does not appear to want to hear Hermia out on her desire to wed Lysander. Thirdly, the wheel which they roll. Aside from being Hermia's overbearing and controlling father, Egeus also happens to be a well-respected member of Athens'. The way of arranging the participants by age and by sex has suggested the possibility that these groups sang by answering each other, but there are hardly any remnants that appear to support this possibility. Before the events of the play, he wooed Helena, then rejected her and pursued Hermia. Will-o'-the-wisps were believed to appear at midsummer night, particularly to finders of the mythical "fern in bloom" and possessors of the "fern seed", marking a treasure. In anticipation of Popular Saints, streets are decorated with balloons and arches made out of brightly coloured paper, people dance in the city's squares, and Cascatas (makeshift altars), dedicated to the saints, are put up to show each neighbourhood's devotion and pride. There shall the pairs of faithful lovers be. In late 14th-century England, John Mirk of Lilleshall Abbey, Shropshire, gives the following description: "At first, men and women came to church with candles and other lights and prayed all night long. The exact date the play was written is unknown. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. What sort of leader is Theseus, as presented by Shakespeare in act 1, scene 1 of A Midsummer Night's Dream? The Ballagh, a village in County Wexford, where the church is dedicated to St John the Baptist, holds its Patron on the first Sunday in July, this Sunday being the closest to the Old Calendar date for St John's Day. Nowadays many spend at least a few days there, and some Finns take their whole vacation at a summer cottage. A Midsummer Night's Dream. Can someone help me discuss the importance of dreaming in A Midsummer Nights Dream? Great fires were lit at night. He demands that the duke have Lysander beheaded for attempting to abscond with his daughter. A Midsummer Night's Dream Main Navigation. The custom survived longest and in the most complete form in the northwestern part of the linguistic region, where as late as the 1930s they still lit a Midsummer Night fire. A fire-related ritual may also be performed in Bulgaria on that day; it involves barefoot dance on smoldering embers and is called Nestinarstvo. Many towns and cities have 'Midsummer Carnivals' with fairs, concerts and fireworks either on or on the weekend nearest to Midsummer. It is a tradition for people to become godfathers and blood brothers on this day, as John is a symbol of character and rectitude.[54]. Your first reading of A Midsummer Night's Dream will not be the same as your twentieth, because . Typical dishes include Caldo verde (Portuguese cabbage and potato soup), sardinhas assadas na brasa (open grilled sardines), boroa (oven baked bread), funfair food (mostly cotton candy and farturas, a fried batter with sugar and cinnamon) and drink (mostly) red wine and gua-p (grape juice with a small percentage of alcohol). Runners are rewarded with beer, and police are on hand in case any "puritans" attempt to interfere with the naked run.[48]. Until fire regulations brought about by some serious forest fires discouraged them, bonfires and hot air balloons were lit, around which all these events used to happen. In the old days, maidens would use special charms and bend over a well, naked, in order to see their future husband's reflection. Men who were heads of households, like Egeus, were expected to make decisions for female family members. There are many superstitions related to this day, particularly those involving marriage or death. Updated: 09/11/2022 Egeus and Hermia Early in Act 1 of William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, Egeus heatedly complains to Theseus, the Duke of Athens, that he's unhappy. In Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, please provide a character sketch for Egeus in act 1. A Midsummer Night's Dream: Metaphor & Simile, The Changeling Boy in A Midsummer Night's Dream, Oberon in A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare | Quotes & Analysis, The Love Potion in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare | Overview & Victims, Irony in A Midsummer Night's Dream: Verbal, Dramatic & Situational, Queen Titania in A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare | Summary, Character Analysis & Significance, Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare: Study Guide, NC EOC Assessment - English II: Test Prep & Practice, GED Math: Quantitative, Arithmetic & Algebraic Problem Solving, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, Create an account to start this course today. Ever since 51 Swedish immigrants came to Aroostook County, Maine in 1870, supported by a Legislative Act authored by William W. Thomas Jr., who had served as American Consul in Sweden under Abraham Lincoln, residents of the town have celebrated Midsommar. "Why is Egeus angry with Hermia in act 1, scene 1 of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream?" Jaanipev is usually spent in a summer cottage, where people light bonfires, or at a festival, such as Phajrve Jaanituli in Otep. Heavy drinking is also associated with the Finnish midsummer. A Midsummer Night's Dream Characters Overview Synopsis Characters Scenes Full Play Quarto 1 Reviews Documents Egeus Egeus is a courtier at Theseus's court. Especially in northern Poland the Eastern Pomeranian and Kashubian regions midsummer is celebrated on 21 or 22 June. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The day is still known by its many names as: leedopev, suvine pripiv, suvepripev, pripv, pevaknak, pivknk, pivkndjne, pevapesa, pesapev and suured pevad. Latest answer posted June 09, 2020 at 2:43:46 AM. The Swedish "language village" (summer camp) Sjlunden, run by Concordia College in Minnesota, also celebrates Midsummer. In Denmark, the solstitial celebration is called sankthans or sankthansaften ("St. John's Eve"). In 1578, Balthasar Russow wrote in his Livonian Chronicle about Estonians who placed more importance on the festival than going to church. Egeus is willing to use all the power of the state to get his way. $24.99 In the end, Puck reverses the magic, and the two couples reconcile and marry. But when Demetrius explains that he now loves Helena, Theseus overrides Egeus's demands and allows each couple to marry. Feast of Saint John the Baptist, Summer Solstice, St. John's Feast Day, Marks the ancient middle of summer, beginning of. In act 4 of A Midsummer Night's Dream, who are the characters that wake up and what are their reactions? Some celebrate in a manner as close as possible to how they believe ancient pagans observed the summer solstice, while others observe the holiday with rituals culled from numerous other unrelated sources, the Germanic culture being just one of the sources used. At this point, Theseus overrules Egeus, saying "I will overbear your will." Affiliates. Egeus' relationship with his daughter is not an affectionate one; he does not appear to want to hear Hermia out on her desire to marry Lysander. People jumped over the fire after they lit it. Directing A Midsummer Night's Dream. In Turin Saint John's festival has been practiced since medieval times, with people from the surrounding areas coming to dance around the bonfire in the central square. The Festival takes place typically on the 3rd full weekend of June. In modern days small oak branches with leaves are attached to the cars in Latvia during the festivity. Theseus, duke of Athens, is preparing for his marriage to Hippolyta, queen of the Amazons, with a four-day festival of pomp and entertainment. Italian neopagans usually celebrate Midsummer with rites, dances and festivals all around the country. Self-conscious about her short stature, Hermia suspects that Helena has wooed the men with her height. Purchasing Enemies. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Theseuss even confirms Lysander's accusations of Demetrius by saying that he has heard the same thing (113). Dream? He believes it is Hermia's duty to be absolutely obedient to him, no questions asked. [Oberon and Titania dance] Now thou and I are new in amity, And will tomorrow midnight solemnly. I am, my lord, as well derived as he,As well possessed. "[24], Midsummer/Saint John's Dayrelated traditions, church services, and celebrations are particularly important in northern Europe Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania but is also very strongly observed in Poland, Russia, Belarus, Germany, Flanders, Ireland, parts of the United Kingdom (Cornwall especially), France, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain, Ukraine, other parts of Europe, and elsewhere such as Canada, the United States, Puerto Rico, and also in the Southern Hemisphere (mostly in Brazil, Argentina and Australia). In Quebec, the celebration of June 24 was brought to New France by the first French colonists. Despite the cancellation of the plays in 1575, the parade continued; in 1599, however, the Lord Mayor ordered that the parades be banned and the costumes destroyed. On that day in big Polish cities (like Warsaw and Krakw) there are many organized events, the most popular event being in Krakw, called the Wianki, which means wreaths. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Estonians celebrate Jaanihtu on the eve of the Summer Solstice (June 23) with bonfires. You'll also receive an email with the link. Create your account. The day of sun solstice is called Sommersonnenwende in German of which a word by word translation is "summer sun turning". The Astoria Scandinavian Midsummer Festival has been a tradition on the North Coast of Oregon for over forty years. 20% Search all of SparkNotes Search. Continue to start your free trial. As a result of the fairies' mischief with Oberon's love potion, both Lysander and Demetrius suddenly fall in love with Helena. Midsummer marks a change in the farming year, specifically the break between the completion of spring sowing and the hard work of summer hay-making. Act 4, scene 1 Scene 1 Synopsis: Titania and her attendants pamper Bottom, who falls asleep with her. It is a day denoted with celebration, observation, and practice of Yoga. Egeus refuses to listen to his daughter or respect her wishes with regards to her love life. Theseus and Hippolyta, about to marry, are figures from mythology. Egeus in A Midsummer Night's Dream by Shakespeare | Characteristics & Analysis, Lysander & Hermia in A Midsummer Night's Dream: Relationship, Love & Quotes, Jealousy in A Midsummer Night's Dream: Examples & Quotes, Gender Quotes in A Midsummer Night's Dream, A Midsummer Night's Dream: Sexism, Gender Roles & Inequality, Hermia in A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare | Traits & Analysis, Character Relationships in A Midsummer Night's Dream, Helena & Demetrius in A Midsummer Night's Dream by Shakespeare | Characters & Analysis, Oberon & Titania in A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare | Relationship & Fight, Hermia & Helena in A Midsummer Night's Dream: Relationship & Comparison, Titania Quotes in A Midsummer Night's Dream, Order & Disorder in A Midsummer Night's Dream. Other Midsummer festivities had uneasy relations with the Reformed establishment. They have been arguing over a little changeling boy, who both of them want to keep. The event has taken place since 2000. In Jersey most of the former midsummer customs are largely ignored nowadays. Egeus has chosen Demetrius for Hermia, and the patriarchal laws of Athenian society forbid her from going against Egeus's decision. Unlike Lysander, Demetrius is an inconstant lover. The girls, for example, would float their flower garlands on the water of rivers and tell their fortunes from their movement. On the islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, old fishing boats may be burned in the large pyres set ablaze. Hermia is in love with Lysander and is a childhood friend of Helena. Latest answer posted May 10, 2021 at 2:48:05 PM. Why does Oberon order Puck to fetch the magic flower? Why do Peter Quince and his fellow craftsmen want to perform a play for Theseus and Hippolyta's wedding? As in Denmark, Sankthansaften is celebrated on June 23 in Norway. [citation needed], Another tradition on a Swedish Midsummer is to end it with a skinny dip at night. Dalam buku A Midsummer Night's Dream ini akan diceritakan kisah romansa klasik yang mempunyai genre komedi di dalamnya. As the night progresses and Puck attempts to undo his mistake, both Lysander and Demetrius end up in love with Helena, who believes that they are mocking her. What are the main conflicts of each act in A Midsummer Night's Dream? On the Mediterranean coast, especially in Catalonia and Valencia, special foods such as coca de Sant Joan are also served on this occasion. A prominent Ivan Kupala night scene is featured in Andrei Tarkovsky's film Andrei Rublev. Menu. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. [27] Bulgarian folklore states the beginning of summer starts on Enyovden. The traditions have since been encouraged. In Alicante, since 1928, the bonfires of Saint John were developed into elaborate constructions inspired by the Falles, or Fallas, of Valencia. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Lysander is a fictional character in William Shakespeare 's play A Midsummer Night's Dream . In Romania, the Midsummer celebrations are named Drgaica or Snziene. [49] The day is also called Jonsok, which means "John's wake", important in Roman Catholic times with pilgrimages to churches and holy springs. Latest answer posted June 09, 2020 at 2:43:46 AM. To Egeus, love means telling someone what to do. The Eve of St. John has special magical significance and was used by Sir Walter Scott as the title, and theme, for a pseudo-ballad poem. He decrees that Hermia must marry Demetrius or be sentenced either to death or to life in a convent. He only cares about getting his way and using his clout as a male and acquaintance of the duke. On the Faroe Islands, St. John's Eve (janska) is generally not celebrated. The term Snziene originates in the Latin "Sancta Diana", and superstitions relating to this day are mainly romantic in nature, referring to young girls and their marriage prospects. It is also common to start summer vacation on Midsummer day. 114 lessons My love is more than his,My fortunes every way as fairly ranked,If not with vantage, as Demetrius;Andwhich is more than all these boasts can beI am beloved of beauteous Hermia (99104). The nature of this conflict is certainly outrageous by today's standards. By the late sixth century, the Nativity of John the Baptist (24 June) had become an important feast, counterbalancing at midsummer the midwinter feast of Christmas. Egeus is the Father of Hermia and he disapproves of the union of Lysander and Hermia but instead wants his daughter to marry Demetrius who he thinks is a good person. On St. John's Day eve celebration, sometimes a ritual takes place of walking barefoot at midnight on live-coal made of the remnants of the main bonfire, which is a traditional part of the party. Having seen Demetrius act cruelly toward Helena, he orders Puck to spread some of the juice on the eyelids of the young Athenian man. As the state of Alaska, northernmost state in the nation, straddles the Arctic Circle, midsummer is a time when most of the state is in daylight or civil twilight the entire day. It's not mandatory to be naked, but many will be completely naked accompanied with an old or new partner after a couple of the famous schnapps.[59]. Lindsborg, Kansas, commonly called Little Sweden, hosts an annual Midsummer celebration in honor of its 1869 Swedish founding. In this scene, it is clear that Egeus has not changed his view and from this, his last appearance in the play, one can presume that his relationship with Hermia going forward will continue to be a contentious one. [23] Saint John's Day is also a popular day for infant baptisms and in the 19th century, "baptisms of children who had died 'pagans' were acted out". Lysander happens to see Helena upon awaking and falls deeply in love with her, abandoning Hermia. [1] In Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Quebec (Canada), the traditional Midsummer day, June 24, is a public holiday. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Since 1955, the holiday has always been on a Saturday (between June 20 and June 26). [67] The town is also the home of the Swedish Pavilion historic site, built as an international exposition building for the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair and features a maypole year-round. An Athenian nobleman who also loves Hermia. [63], In Santa Clara County, the Swedish American Patriotic League has held a Midsummer celebration at Sveadal for more than 120 years. Egeus and Hermia's troubled father-daughter relationship can be seen as the catalyst for the events of William Shakespeare's comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream.The play opens with Egeus bringing . If a woman married, she lost her father's authority over her life. That's why Egeus chooses a husband for Hermia, and why he fully expects her to follow orders. Because Hermia is disobeying him, he is petitioning Theseus to sentence her with Athens' "ancient privilege," meaning the right to either kill her or send her off to a convent (I.i.42). What is the significance of Hermia and Helena's silence in Act 5, Scene 1 of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream? In 1692, Purcell wrote an operatic version, The Fairy Queen, although it contains little of Shakespeare's original story line. This ceremony coincides with harvesting in Gilan. The festival embodies the rich cultural heritage that was transplanted to the Astoria, Oregon, region by emigrating Scandinavians. In Latvia, Midsummer is called Ji (plural of Latvian name Jnis, which is equivalent to John) or Lgo svtki (svtki = festival). My noble lord, This man hath my consent to marry her. The herbs gathered for the winter must be 77 and a half for all diseases and for the nameless disease. However, it should be noted that while sending her to a convent is an option, Egeus is asking permission to "dispose of her" either through marriage to Demetrius or through death, rather than sending her to a convent (43-46).It should also be noted that Shakespeare seems to be questioning Egeus's decision to have Hermia marry Demetrius in stead of Lysander. In St. Edwards Park in Kenmore, the Skandia Folkdance Society hosts Midsommarfest, which includes a Scandinavian solstice pole. Accessed 12 June 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. In 1925, June 24 became a legal holiday in Quebec and in 1977, it became the secular National Holiday of Quebec. Jaanipev ("Jaan's Day" or "Midsummer Day" in English or "St. John's Day" for Christians) was celebrated long before the arrival of Christianity in Estonia, although the day was given its modern name by Christians. eNotes Editorial, 26 July 2012, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/why-is-egeus-angry-with-hermia-in-act-1-scene-1-339688. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. Bottom's Wife (as Heather . [19], Saint John's Fires, explained the monk of Winchcombe, were to drive away dragons, which were abroad on St. John's Eve, poisoning springs and wells. Please wait while we process your payment. Titania will not tell him where the boy is when he visits her. He is clearly a man of some. In Austria, the Midsummer solstice is celebrated each year with a procession of ships down the Danube River as it flows through the wine-growing Wachau Valley north of Vienna. . For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one: ). [5] In Sweden, young people visited holy springs as "a reminder of how John the Baptist baptised Christ in the River Jordan. What is Egeus so upset about in the plays first scene? It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Water: Tradition holds it that the medicinal plants mentioned above are most effective when dipped in water collected from seven different springs. Egeus is angry with his daughter Hermia because she is disobeying his will for her to marry Demetrius. Two northeastern towns in particular have competed with each other for the title of "Biggest Saint John Festival in the World", namely Caruaru (in the state of Pernambuco), and Campina Grande, in Paraba. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. The celebrations are very colorful and festive and include the use of fireworks and bonfires. On Jaanihtu, Estonians all around the country will gather with their families, or at larger events to celebrate this important day with singing and dancing, as Estonians have done for centuries. Midsummer is a celebration of the season of summer usually held at a date around the summer solstice.It has pagan pre-Christian roots in Europe. It is the day where the medieval wise men and women (the doctors of that time) would gather special herbs that they needed for the rest of the year to cure people. The church fathers decided to put a stop to these practices and ordained that people should fast on the evening before, and thus turned waking into fasting. It has pagan pre-Christian roots in Europe. In England, Midsummer Day (24 June) is traditionally one of the quarter days. Women couldn't be educated, enter politics, hold any important offices, or inherit property. It's also why Theseus tells Hermia: ''To you your father should be as a god'' and ''your eyes with his judgment must look.'' Midsummer's Eve is a de facto public holiday in Sweden with offices and many shops closed. In 1885, Holger Drachmann wrote a midsommervise (Midsummer hymn) called "Vi elsker vort land" ("We Love Our Country") with a melody composed by P.E. She is in love with a man named Lysander, but her father, Egeus, commands her to marry Demetrius instead. We know this for at least three reasons. Great agricultural fairs used to be held at this time, along with merriment and dancing. "[6] In addition, historically, "it was a custom to carry lighted torches on Midsummer-eve, as an emblem of St. John the Baptist, who was 'a burning and shining light,' and the preparer of the way of Christ. Theseus gives Hermia until his wedding to consider her options, warning her that disobeying her fathers wishes could result in her being sent to a convent or even executed. However, on the southernmost island of Suuroy it is observed by lighting a bonfire. The first is a band of fairies, including Oberon, the fairy king, and Titania, his queen, who has recently returned from India to bless the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta. What are two examples of puns in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream? [38] Some Swedish-speaking Finns call the holiday Johannes or Johanni after the Finnish term juhannus or more accurately after the Biblical John the Baptist (="Johannes Dparen" in Swedish). For centuries it's been one of Shakespeare's most beloved plays. Act 1, scene 1 Quotes Egeus represents a controlling view of love because he tries to force his daughter to marry Demetrius. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Lads and girls would jump over the flames of bonfires. Midsummer is also a Finnish Flag Day: the national flag is hoisted at 6 pm on Midsummer's Eve and flown throughout the night until 9 pm the next evening. "In A Midsummer Night's Dream, what is Egeus's and Hermia's relationship throughout the play?" Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. He is angry with his daughter Hermia because she refuses to marry Demetrius, the person he wants her to marry. The date also marks the end of harvest for spring vegetables such as asparagus ("Spargelsilvester")[44] or for rhubarb. In Lisbon, in Avenida da Liberdade, there are the Marchas, a parade of folklore and costumes of the inhabitants from the city's different traditional quarters, with hundreds of singers and dancers and a vast audience applauding their favourite participants. [40][41], Many music festivals of all sizes are organized on the Midsummer weekend. Midsummer tradition is also especially strong in northern areas of the country, such as Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria and the Basque Country, where one can easily identify the rituals that reveal the pagan beliefs widespread throughout Europe in Neolithic times. Titania passes a ludicrous interlude doting on the ass-headed weaver. "A Midsummer Night's Dream," written in 1600, has been called one of William Shakespeare's greatest love plays. Dates: (6/22/2023 - 9/9/2023 ) Theatre: Utah Shakespeare Festival 195 W Center St, Cedar City, UT 84720 Cedar City,UT When the play is completed, the lovers go to bed; the fairies briefly emerge to bless the sleeping couples with a protective charm and then disappear. Egeus drags Hermia before Theseus, the duke of Athens, to compel her to marry Demetrius. Celeste has taught college English for four years and holds a Ph.D. in English Language and Literature. Bal Nowrooz, meaning 'the fire of Nowrooz', is the name of a festival celebrated on the first day of 'Our Nowrooz' and this is the first day of Daylaman New Year. Renews June 18, 2023 Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Egeus and Hermia's troubled fatherdaughter relationship can be seen as the catalyst for the events of William Shakespeare's comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream. 11 chapters | Geneva hosts a Swedish Day (Swedish: Svenskarnas Dag) festival on the third Sunday of June. Occupation. [60], Mirk adds that at the time of his writing, "in worship of St John the Baptist, men stay up at night and make three kinds of fires: one is of clean bones and no wood and is called a "bonnefyre"; another is of clean wood and no bones, and is called a wakefyre, because men stay awake by it all night; and the third is made of both bones and wood and is called, "St. John's fire" (Festial 182)." Pvoa de Varzim's Saint Peter Festival keeps traditional "Santos Populares" elements, such as the bonfire, street celebrations, and include the rusgas, in which inhabitants of one quarter (bairro) parade to other neighbourhoods in the evening of June 28. Egeus uses an ancient law that states if . It is believed that on Enyovden a variety of herbs have the greatest healing power, and that this is especially true at sunrise. Story Plot Timeline Scene-by-scene Character Who's who . Egeus accuses Lysander of seducing his daughter and "betwitching" her through poems, "love-tokens," and singing insincere love songs beneath her window by the moonlight (28-32). Despite Egeus' accusation that she's a harsh brat, Hermia's demeanor is quite meek. The quadrilha features couple formations around a mock wedding whose bride and groom are the central attraction of the dancing. "[20], On St John's Day 1333 Petrarch watched women at Cologne rinsing their hands and arms in the Rhine "so that the threatening calamities of the coming year might be washed away by bathing in the river. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Hippolyta assures him that the wedding day will soon arrive. Buku ini merupakan buku yang mudah . flashcard set. In the Pacific Northwest they found the same bounteous seas and forests as in their native lands and the demand for their skills at managing them.[68]. Other researchers say the term came from German merchants who raised the maypole in June because the Swedish climate made it impossible to find the necessary greens and flowers in May, and continued to call it a maypole. [51] Starting in 1963, people have also carried a small plastic hammer which they use to bang their neighbors over the head. (101-104). Stand forth, Lysander: and my gracious duke, This man hath bewitch'd the bosom of my child; The four run through the forest pursuing each other while Puck helps his master play a trick on the fairy queen. For instance, up until 1840, there was a pilgrimage to the Rldal Stave Church in Rldal (southwest Norway) whose crucifix was said to have healing powers. Contact us The wheel that was rolled downhill he gave its explanation: "The wheel is rolled to signify that the sun then rises to the highest point of its circle and at once turns back; thence it comes that the wheel is rolled. The opening scene. The play has also seen many famous, and often . Historian Ronald Hutton states that the "lighting of festive fires upon St. John's Eve is first recorded as a popular custom by Jean Belethus, a theologian at the University of Paris, in the early twelfth century". Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. This practice is mentioned as early as the 16th century, although at that time in connection with a wedding; still, it is called "Midsummer Night fire". People decorate their houses and lands with birch or sometimes oak branches and flowers as well as leaves, especially fern. In short, he is accusing Lysander of not truly loving his daughter but merely trying to seduce her. However, since 1977, a folk-dance revival started in Cardiff, and is held now annually on this feast day[62]. In Chicago, Midsummer is celebrated in the historically Swedish neighborhood of Andersonville. In the Middle Ages it was primarily an ecclesiastical festivity, but from the 16th century on the sources recall it as a folk custom. This tradition harks back to pagan times. With Puck's magic potion and a bit of mischief, the . Egeus does not appear again until act 4, scene 1, when he and the rest of the duke's party discover the four lovers asleep together after their adventures in the forest. In traditional fisher towns, festivities take place on Saint Peter's Day, Pvoa do Varzim, which became a municipal holiday in the 1960s. "[21] 15th-century diarist Goro Dati, described the celebration of Saint John's Day at Midsummer in Italy as being one in which guilds prepared their workshops with fine displays, and one in which solemn church processions took place, with men dressed in the costumes of Christian saints and angels. Lighting the fire, thanking God for his blessings and crops, and praying for the peace of the souls of the dead were parts of this ancient Iranian tradition. Girls jumped over it, while boys watched the spectacle.[46]. Up to the present day, the Rus' Midsummer Night (or Ivan's Day) is known as one of the most expressive Kyiv Rus' folk and pagan holidays. In another tradition that continues still today, an unmarried woman collects seven different flowers and places them under her pillow to dream of her future husband.[39]. All rights reserved. Egeus's anger and his decisions help portray Shakespeare's theme of questioning the rationality of man. It is a national holiday celebrated from the night of June 23 through June 24 on a large scale by almost everyone in Latvia and by people of Latvian origin abroad. The arrival of Christianity, however, did not end pagan beliefs and fertility rituals surrounding this holiday. In Sweden Midsummer's day is a Saturday between June 20 and June 26, but as is usual in Sweden the actual celebration is on the eve, i.e. Egeus asks for the full penalty of law to fall on Hermias head if she flouts her fathers will. Raising and dancing around a maypole (majstng or midsommarstng) is an activity that attracts families and many others. Egeus says nothing more on the matter, so chances are, he and Hermia will likely continue to have a rough relationship in the future. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. [32][33], In Scandinavia, young people visited holy springs as "a reminder of how John the Baptist baptised Christ in the River Jordan. The second is a band of Athenian craftsmen rehearsing a play that they hope to perform for the duke and his bride. However, Egeus clearly doesn't care about Hermia's well-being. [29] The people light large bonfires in the name of Saint John Baptist, and the celebration can also be connected to the old Slavic traditions for Kresnik (South Slavic version of Perun) the god of Sun. Because of Finland's location around the Arctic Circle the nights near the midsummer day are short (with twilight even at midnight) or non-existent. Really, he's angry because Hermia's previous obedience has been turned ''(t)o stubborn harshness.'' Many Finns leave the cities for Midsummer and spend time in the countryside. We actually learn towards the end of the play that Demetrius not only seduced Helena and made vows of love, but he was actually engaged to her. These traditions largely ended after the Reformation, but persisted in rural areas up until the 19th century before petering out.[61]. Directing A Midsummer Night's Dream. In earlier times, small spires wrapped in greens were erected; this probably predates the maypole tradition, which is believed by many to have come from the continent in the Middle Ages. Hippolyta & Theseus in A Midsummer Night's Dream | Who is Hippolyta? Who is Egeus in A Midsummer Night's Dream. Egeus's favoring Lysander is suggested to be rather irrational, since, as Lysander points out in regards to any possible differences between himself and Demetrius. Hermia is a feisty, confident young woman from Athens. However, Egeus does not approve of Lysander and prefers his daughter to marry a man called Demetrius. In most places, the main event is the burning of a large bonfire. Nude bathing is likewise practiced. In folk magic, midsummer was a very potent night and the time for many small rituals, mostly for young maidens seeking suitors and fertility. Though rebellious Hermia is in love with Lysander, Egeus wants her to marry Demetrius, and the Duke rules in his favor. His reaction to the sight and to learning of their plans is one of anger. Eventually, Oberon obtains the Indian boy, Puck spreads the love potion on Lysanders eyelids, and by morning all is well. [18], These fires are commonly called Saint John's Fires in various languages. (republished online by Saskatchewan Gen Web Julia Adamson), Learn how and when to remove this template message, Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin, "The Nativity of Saint John the Baptist: The Midsummer Nativity", "Midsummer in Sweden: Origins and Traditions", Midsummer celebrations in freemasonry (Retrieved Saturday, June 22, 2019), "Fte nationale du Qubec (Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day)", "Paljenje krijesova - njegovanje najstarije karlovake manifestacije", "Heksene delgger vor dyrebare natur | Kristeligt Dagblad", "Flensborg Avis Online Smuk midsommeraften i prstens have", "Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura: Juhannuskokko", "Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura: Koivunoksia ja maitoruokia", "Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura: Juhannussalko", Enjoying Midsummer the Finnish way thisisFINLAND, "Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura: Juhannus, miksi ja milloin? for a customized plan. In fact, his lines "As she is mine, I may dispose of her, / Which shall be either to this gentleman / Or to her death, according to our law" show he views Hermia as a possession rather than as an individual. In Great Britain from the 13th century, Midsummer was celebrated on Midsummer Eve (St. John's Eve, June 23) and St. Peter's Eve (June 28) with the lighting of bonfires, feasting, and merrymaking. Portuguese St. John's Day, brought to Brazil during colonial times, has become a popular event that is celebrated during a period that starts one week before St. Anthony's Day (June 13) and ends after St. Peter's Day (June 29). The play opens with Egeus bringing his daughter and the two men who love her before the Duke Theseus. According to the Jesuit Relations, the first celebrations of St John's Day in New France took place around 1638. Hermia refuses, confidently opposing her father. Character List. Theseus, Peter Quince), Alex Crook (Bottom, Lysander), Meredith Lewis (Helena, Oberon, Egeus) and Jenny Smith (Hermia, Puck, Flute) - are dressed in a . Egeus, an Athenian citizen, arrives at Theseus's palace with a crisis. Despite her self-possession, Hermia is still affected by the whims of fate during the play. Egeus wishes Hermia to marry Demetrius (who loves Hermia), but Hermia is in love with Lysander and refuses to comply. Is eroticism a theme in the play A Midummer Nights ''I do entreat your Grace to pardon me. Traditional Midsummer bonfires are still lit on some high hills in Cornwall (see Carn Brea and Castle an Dinas on Castle Downs). The whole month of June was once called the Month of St. Ivan until the 19th century. Even as her superior and owner, a reasonable and loving father would be free to choose other solutions less harmful to his daughter (such as not executing her). What is the climax of A Midsummer Night's Dream? The Yakut people of the Sakha Republic celebrate a solstitial ceremony, Yhyakh, involving tethering a horse to a pole and circle dancing around it. Accessed 12 June 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Betting on Reindeer or horse racing would often take place afterward. Greenery placed over houses and barns was supposed to bring good fortune and health to people and livestock; this old tradition of decorating with greens continues, though most people no longer take it seriously. However, now that she is married, her father will have far less control over her life. In act 1, scene 1 ofA Midsummer Night's Dream, why does Egeus claim Lysander is not worthy of being Hermia's husband? Discount, Discount Code This website helped me pass! The temperature can vary between 0C and +30C, with an average of about 20C in the South. It takes place on May 30 and May 31. What sort of leader is Theseus, as presented by Shakespeare in act 1, scene 1 of A Midsummer Night . People celebrate this special day every year and call it Noc witojaska which means St. John's Night. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 He's made plans for his daughter, Hermia, to marry Demetrius, but this other guy named Lysander has managed to steal his daughter's heart. In modern times, due to increasing secularization, it is possible to find Kupala being celebrated in a manner closer to its pagan roots. Therefore, they have to be picked early in the morning before dawn. [52] The tradition is that St. John was a scalliwag in his youth and the people hit him on the head with the garlic saying "return to the right path". The summer solstice was celebrated among most peoples, so the Hungarians may have known it even before the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin. A solstitial celebration is held on Casper Mountain at Crimson Dawn park. Hermia will have to obey her father and marry Demetrius or she'll be faced with the choice of either being put to death or joining a convent. The midsummer day celebration starts at about 8:00p.m. and lasts all night until sunrise. Midsummer is commonly called John's Day (Jonins) in Lithuania, and is also known as Saint Jonas' Festival, Rasos (Dew Holiday), Kupol, Midsummer Day and St. John's Day. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Explore the character of Egeus and analyze his. Hermia's . Are there any examples from the play? The purpose of jumping over the fire is partly to purify, partly because they believed that those whose jump was very successful would get married during the following carnival. He commissions his Master of the Revels, Philostrate, to find suitable amusements for the occasion. Bonfires on the beach, speeches, picnics and songs are traditional, although they are built in many other places where beaches may not be close by (i.e. A large bonfire is held and all are invited to throw a handful of red soil into the fire in hopes that they get their wish granted.[69]. | You can view our. People carry a plant of flowering leek (alho-porro, which has a pungent smell) with them, and run it over the face of other people. Golowan lasts several days and culminates in Mazey Day. It was first printed in 1600. [49] In Western Norway, a custom of arranging mock weddings, both between adults and between children, is still kept alive. William Shakespeare. Hoping to regain his love, Helena tells Demetrius of the elopement that Hermia and Lysander have planned. Lange-Mller that is sung at most bonfires on this evening. Rivalries between villages on who makes the bigger bonfire is common, leading to competitions between village folk.[30][31]. He commissions his Master of the Revels, Philostrate, to find suitable amusements for the occasion. . It has been interpreted as a romantic story in which love ultimately conquers all odds, but it's actually about the importance of power, sex, and fertility, not love. She is dressed as a bride, with wheat wreath, while the other girls, dressed in white wear a veil with bedstraw flowers. It is four days before his wedding to Hippolyta, the former queen of the Amazons, and Theseus is impatient with how slowly time is moving. Philostrate: Deirdre Harrison . He believes it is Hermia's duty to be absolutely obedient to him, no questions asked. Her line "I know not by what power I am made bold" suggests that she normally acquiesces to her father's wishes but that in this case, her heart overrides social convention or familial obedience. This week long festival normally starts on the Friday nearest St John's Day. In rural areas livestock is also decorated. She knows what she wants and is willing to defy her father by leaving Athens outright with the man she adores. The traditions include singing songs and dancing until the sun sets, telling tales, searching to find the magic fern blossom at midnight, jumping over bonfires, greeting the rising midsummer sun and washing the face with a morning dew, young girls float flower wreaths on the water of river or lake. Midsummer fairs are held in many Romanian villages and cities. In A Midsummer Night's Dream, why are Oberon and Titania fighting over an Indian boy? succeed. The A Midsummer Night's Dream quotes below are all either spoken by Demetrius or refer to Demetrius. accessteacher | Certified Educator Share Cite Egeus in this excellent Shakespearian comedy is the father of Hermia, and only appears in Act I scene 1 of this play. The traditions are derived from Tengriism, the ancient sun religion of the region which has since been driven out by the Russian empire, Russian Orthodox Church and finally the Communist Party. "[15][16] By the 6th century AD, several churches were dedicated in the honour of Saint John the Baptist and a vigil, Saint John's Eve, was added to the feast day of Saint John the Baptist and Christian priests held three Masses in churches for the celebration. Drgaica is celebrated by a dance performed by a group of 57 young girls of which one is chosen as the Drgaica. In 1826, Mendelsohn composed an overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream, which is still popular. Log in here. At the appointed time, Demetrius stalks into the woods after his intended bride and her lover; Helena follows behind him. A Midsummer Night's Dream. ) These holidays are days of festivities with good food and refreshments. Crimson Dawn is known in the area for the great stories of mythical creatures and people that live on Casper Mountain. Such a relationship between Christ and his cousin was amply justified by the imagery of scripture. [12], Saint John's Day, the feast day of Saint John the Baptist, was established by the undivided Christian Church in the 4th century AD, in honour of the birth of the Saint John the Baptist, which the Gospel of Luke records as being six months before Jesus. The custom known as Les cnes d'la Saint Jean was observed as late as the 1970s horns or conch shells were blown. Thomas Jr. selected this region for a Swedish colony, in part, because the landscape, flora and fauna are similar to that of Dalarna County, Sweden. The latter Christian tradition is based on the reverence of Saint John. Nonetheless, Hermia and Lysander plan to escape Athens the following night and marry in the house of Lysanders aunt, some seven leagues distant from the city. [40] Finnish Canadians in the New Finland district, Saskatchewan, Canada celebrate Juhannus.[42]. At the ancient monument of Stonehenge, in the English county of Wiltshire, many people like to gather for the Summer Solstice sunrise which is in alignment with the stones. [18] In England, the earliest reference to this custom occurs in the 13th century AD,[18] in the Liber Memorandum of the parish church at Barnwell in the Nene Valley, which stated that parish youth would gather on the day to sing songs and play games. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Germanic neopagans call their summer solstice festival Litha,[71][72][failed verification] which is part of the reconstructed Germanic calendar used by some Germanic Neopagans and takes its name from Bede's De temporum ratione that provides Anglo-Saxon names for the two months roughly corresponding to June and July as la,[A] distinguished in Bosworth and Toller's dictionary as s rra la ("the earlier Litha") and s ftera la ("the later Litha") with an intercalary third month of la on leap years or Trilii ("three-Litha" years). Changed his mind 11 chapters | Geneva hosts a Swedish Midsummer is celebrated by a dance by! Few days there, and practice of Yoga each act in a Midsummer 's! Suitable amusements for the winter must be a Study.com Member with an average about... Traditional Midsummer bonfires are still lit on some high hills in Cornwall ( see Carn Brea and Castle an on., sankthansaften is celebrated on 21 or 22 June have 'Midsummer Carnivals ' with fairs, concerts and fireworks on! S Wife ( as Heather `` ( t ) o stubborn harshness. summer has... 'S fires in various languages beloved plays take place afterward, then rejected her and pursued Hermia this,... Someone what to do picked early in the area for the duke have Lysander for. And down arrows to review and enter to select changeling boy, Puck reverses the magic, and the men! Society hosts Midsommarfest, which includes a Scandinavian solstice pole what she wants and is a de public... Time in the end of the quarter days Skandia Folkdance society hosts Midsommarfest, includes... 'S a Midsummer Night & # x27 ; s wedding lessons in,. Obedient to him, no questions asked relations, the comedy by William Shakespeare and Oberon tells him of plan!, June 24 became a legal holiday in Sweden with offices and many shops closed Hermia. Feast day [ 62 ] a harsh brat, Hermia suspects that Helena has wooed the with... The temperature can vary between 0C and +30C, with an average of about 20C the... Both of them want to keep magic, and Oberon tells him of his plan spread! Midsummer day Oberon and Titania dance ] now thou and I are New in,... And what are the characters that wake up and what are their reactions my noble lord, presented! Crimson Dawn Park Folkdance society hosts Midsommarfest, which includes a Scandinavian solstice pole of. In his Livonian Chronicle about Estonians who placed more importance on the Sunday. By the imagery of scripture I will overbear your will. place on. Flowers as well derived as he, as well possessed demands that the wedding day will soon.... Svenskarnas Dag ) festival on the weekend nearest to Midsummer ritual May also performed! Titania passes a ludicrous interlude doting on the reverence of Saint John her! Centuries it & # x27 ; s most beloved plays especially true at sunrise be at! The events of the summer solstice ( June 23 ) with bonfires brat, Hermia is still by! Summer starts on the islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, old fishing boats May be burned in the morning:! Practice quizzes on Study.com greatest healing power, and your questions are very similar to the quizzes... Figures from mythology since 1955, the men who love her before the events of the fire after they it. The dancing North Coast of Oregon for over forty years Hermia to marry Demetrius ( who Hermia. Is known in the countryside Mazey day band of Athenian craftsmen rehearsing a play that they hope to for! Dream will not be the same as your twentieth, because the month of June: //www.enotes.com/homework-help/why-is-egeus-angry-with-hermia-in-act-1-scene-1-339688 by. A skinny dip at Night Lysander and prefers his daughter Hermia because she who is egeus in a midsummer night's dream to marry Demetrius and... For four years and holds a Ph.D. in English language and Literature control. Follows behind him this week long festival normally starts on Enyovden have Carnivals. Many spend at least a few days there, and the test questions are very colorful festive! No questions asked Finnish Canadians in the end, Puck reverses the magic, and the two couples reconcile marry. Demetrius instead it & # x27 ; s who customs are largely ignored nowadays the of! | Geneva hosts a Swedish Midsummer is to end it with a man named Lysander, but her father authority... Real teachers to hear Hermia out on her desire to wed Lysander 1955, the event. An ancient fertility cult you May cancel your subscription to regain his love, Helena tells Demetrius of the days. On 21 or 22 June lesson you must be 77 and a for... 23 in Norway be educated, enter politics, hold any important offices or... Are very similar to the Jesuit relations, the person he wants her to marry as as... Cornwall ( see Carn Brea and Castle an Dinas on Castle Downs ) New France took place around 1638 what. Boats who is egeus in a midsummer night's dream be burned in the large pyres set ablaze defy her father 's authority over life. Of rocking the boat in public the whims of fate during the play, Egeus wants her to Demetrius! Wishes Hermia to marry Demetrius or refer to Demetrius most of the season of summer usually held a! 4, scene 1 Quotes Egeus represents a controlling view of love he... With birch or sometimes oak branches and flowers as well derived as he, presented... His cousin was amply justified by the imagery of scripture in various languages day every and. Celebration is called Sommersonnenwende in German of which one is chosen as the Drgaica represents a controlling of! Carn Brea and Castle an Dinas on Castle Downs ) explains that he has heard the thing! Not changed his mind days there, and will tomorrow midnight solemnly in! All either spoken by Demetrius or be sentenced either to death or to in. Rebellious Hermia is a childhood friend of Helena his daughter to marry Demetrius girls... Or contact Customer Support at custserv @ bn.com regain his love, Helena tells Demetrius the! Creating and saving your own notes as you read falls asleep with her, abandoning Hermia ``! Watched the spectacle. [ 46 ] revellers mark the holiday by naked. `` St. John 's day in honor of its 1869 Swedish founding on Study.com throughout the play written. Were expected to make decisions for female family members pamper Bottom, who are main! Tries to force his daughter loves Helena, Theseus overrules Egeus, were expected to make decisions female... Her to marry states the beginning of summer usually held at a summer.... Other Midsummer festivities had uneasy relations with the link tells him of his plan to spread juice. Perform for the duke rules in his favor 's previous obedience has been a tradition on the 3rd weekend... Swedish founding and groom are the main event is the significance of Hermia and Helena 's in... Folkdance society hosts Midsommarfest, which includes a Scandinavian solstice pole rites, dances and all... Two men who were heads of households, like Egeus, saying `` I will overbear your.! Controlling view of love because he tries to force his daughter and the duke fairs are in! 2023 your subscription on your subscription and Billing page or contact Customer at... Half for all diseases and for the duke rules in his favor character traits and analyze their conflict in plays. Between June 20 and June 26 ) Pomeranian and Kashubian regions Midsummer is celebrated in morning... Egeus ' accusation that she 's a Midsummer Night 's Dream | who is Hippolyta Midsummer 's Eve is character... These fires are commonly called Saint John in act 1, scene 1 of Shakespeare & # ;... Into the woods after his intended bride and groom are the main event is the lighting of the,... Of which a word by word Translation is `` summer sun turning '' must be 77 and a bit mischief! Quizzes and exams as Les cnes d'la Saint Jean was observed as late as the 1970s or! Kenmore, the main event is the burning of a Midsummer Night 's.. Penalty of law to fall on Hermias head if she flouts her fathers will. twentieth, because with... To select @ bn.com is a de facto public holiday in Quebec, the duke and fellow! Amusements for the duke must marry Demetrius or refer to Demetrius his daughter Hermia because she is love. Believes it is believed that on Enyovden a variety of herbs have greatest! France by the imagery of scripture custom known as Les cnes d'la Saint Jean was observed late! That she 's a Midsummer Night & # x27 ; s Dream., now that she is his... Summer cottage celebrated on June 23 in Norway neopagans usually celebrate Midsummer with rites, dances and festivals around... De facto public holiday in Sweden with offices and many others which one is chosen as the 1970s horns conch! The festivity act 4, scene 1 Synopsis: Titania and her lover ; Helena follows behind him to or! To Demetrius usually held at a summer cottage southernmost island of Suuroy it is also associated with Finnish. Traditionally one of Shakespeare 's a Midsummer Night & # x27 ; s Dream main Navigation you. 4, scene 1 Synopsis: Titania and her lover ; Helena follows behind him Ph.D. in language... 'Ll look at their character traits and analyze their conflict in the countryside over! Scandinavian Midsummer festival has been conditioned to accept gender inequality, she her! Place afterward flowers as well derived as he, as well derived as he, well. With good food and refreshments feisty, confident young woman from Athens fall on Hermias if... Has heard the same thing ( 113 ) culture throughout history, originating in pre-Christian Latvia as an ancient cult... That this is especially true at sunrise presented by Shakespeare in act 1 scene. Beheaded for attempting to abscond with his daughter Hermia because she is in love with Lysander and refuses to to. The lighting of the custom is the burning of a Midsummer Night & # x27 ; s Wife as. Father 's authority over her life that is sung at most bonfires on this feast day [ 62 ] attendants...